Abstract The renewable energy resources based distributed generation (DG) unit’s integration into the power system is growing rapidly, and the power system experiencing low inertia and damping, which causes severe stability and performance issues of the power system. In order to facilitate the integration of DG into the existing power system, improved control schemes for grid-tied electronic converters are necessary to ensure the stability and support to the power system. The virtual-synchronous generator (VSG) control emulates the dynamics of the rotation synchronous generator and enhances the stability of the power system. In this paper, an overview of different topologies to virtual inertia is presented along with a detailed description of the VSG structure. Moreover, VSG control defining active and reactive power control, and voltage and frequency control is explained in detail. The VSG stability analysis methods, such as small signal stability and transient stability are presented in comprehensive manners. Later on, the VSG application fields are described. Finally, the VSG problems and future research directions such as centralised control, stability improvement, reliable modelling, the interface for VSG are discussed.

中文翻译：

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虚拟同步发电机全面回顾

摘要 基于可再生能源的分布式发电（DG）机组并入电力系统的发展迅速，电力系统惯性和阻尼低，导致电力系统出现严重的稳定性和性能问题。为了便于DG并网到现有电力系统中，需要改进并网电子变流器的控制方案，以确保对电力系统的稳定性和支持。虚拟同步发电机 (VSG) 控制模拟旋转同步发电机的动态特性，增强电力系统的稳定性。在本文中，概述了虚拟惯性的不同拓扑结构，并详细描述了 VSG 结构。此外，VSG 控制定义了有功和无功功率控制，并对电压和频率控制进行了详细说明。综合介绍了小信号稳定性和暂态稳定性等VSG稳定性分析方法。稍后，将描述 VSG 应用领域。最后，讨论了 VSG 的问题和未来的研究方向，如集中控制、稳定性改进、可靠建模、VSG 的接口。