Endogenous signals in response to exogenous factors determine the senescence of flowers. Interactions among phytohormones especially abscisic acid (ABA) and ethylene are the major determinant of the senescence. In the present study, complex expression patterns of the genes related to ABA and ethylene as endogenous signals were investigated on cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) that were exposed to different light spectra. Expression of ethylene biosynthetic (DcACS and DcACO), and signaling (DcETR and DcEin2) genes and also genes involved in ABA biosynthesis (DcZEP1 and DcNCED1), transport (DcABCG25 and DcABCG40) and catabolism (DcCYP707A1) were evaluated in petals of carnations exposed to three light spectra [white, blue and red]. Lowest relative membrane permeability (RMP) was detected in flowers that exposed to Blue light (BLFs), as a consequence, the longest vase life was found in BLFs. The Red and White lights markedly accelerated flower senescence and increased expression of DcACS and DcACO on day 6 and 10 of vase life assessment respectively; while Blue light inhibited the expression of ethylene biosynthetic genes. Expression of the genes involved in the production and transport of ABA and in signal transduction of ethylene was elevated during vase life of flowers irrespective of exposure to different light spectra. In conclusion, Blue light can be an effective environmental factor to extend the vase life of carnation flowers by delaying the petal senescence through down-regulation of ethylene biosynthetic genes and up-regulation of ABA biosynthetic genes.

中文翻译：

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蓝光通过调节乙烯和脱落酸途径相关基因来推迟康乃馨花的衰老。

响应外源因子的内源信号决定了花的衰老。植物激素，特别是脱落酸（ABA）和乙烯之间的相互作用是衰老的主要决定因素。在本研究中，在暴露于不同光谱的切花康乃馨（石竹）上研究了与ABA和乙烯相关的基因作为内源信号的复杂表达模式。在康乃馨花瓣上评估了乙烯生物合成（DcACS和DcACO）的表达，信号传导（DcETR和DcEin2）基因以及ABA生物合成（DcZEP1和DcNCED1），转运（DcABCG25和DcABCG40）和分解代谢（DcCYP707A1）涉及的基因。三个光谱[白色，蓝色和红色]。在暴露于蓝光（BLF）的花朵中检测到最低的相对膜通透性（RMP），结果，在BLF中发现了最长的花瓶寿命。在花瓶寿命评估的第6天和第10天，红灯和白灯分别显着加速了花的衰老并增加了DcACS和DcACO的表达；而蓝光则抑制了乙烯生物合成基因的表达。不论暴露在不同的光谱下，在花瓶的花瓶寿命中，涉及ABA的产生和运输以及乙烯的信号转导的基因的表达都增加了。总之，蓝光可能是通过下调乙烯生物合成基因和上调ABA生物合成基因来延缓花瓣衰老，从而延长康乃馨花花瓶寿命的有效环境因素。在花瓶寿命评估的第6天和第10天，红灯和白灯分别显着加速了花的衰老并增加了DcACS和DcACO的表达；而蓝光则抑制了乙烯生物合成基因的表达。在花瓶的花瓶寿命中，涉及ABA的产生和运输以及乙烯的信号转导的基因的表达均升高，而与暴露于不同的光谱无关。总之，蓝光可能是通过下调乙烯生物合成基因和上调ABA生物合成基因来延缓花瓣衰老，从而延长康乃馨花花瓶寿命的有效环境因素。在花瓶寿命评估的第6天和第10天，红灯和白灯分别显着加速了花的衰老并增加了DcACS和DcACO的表达；而蓝光则抑制了乙烯生物合成基因的表达。不论暴露在不同的光谱下，在花瓶的花瓶寿命中，涉及ABA的产生和运输以及乙烯的信号转导的基因的表达都增加了。总之，蓝光可能是通过下调乙烯生物合成基因和上调ABA生物合成基因来延缓花瓣衰老，从而延长康乃馨花花瓶寿命的有效环境因素。在花瓶的花瓶寿命中，涉及ABA的产生和运输以及乙烯的信号转导的基因的表达均升高，而与暴露于不同的光谱无关。总之，蓝光可能是通过下调乙烯生物合成基因和上调ABA生物合成基因来延缓花瓣衰老，从而延长康乃馨花花瓶寿命的有效环境因素。在花瓶的花瓶寿命中，涉及ABA的产生和运输以及乙烯的信号转导的基因的表达均升高，而与暴露于不同的光谱无关。总之，蓝光可以通过下调乙烯生物合成基因和上调ABA生物合成基因来延缓花瓣衰老，从而延长康乃馨花的花瓶寿命。