Globally, low back pain (LBP) is a major public health problem affecting mainly adults of the working class and is the leading cause of disability. The estimated lifetime prevalence of LBP is 50 to 80%. From 1990 to 2015, the years lived with disability caused by LBP have scaled up by 54% with the greatest increase observed in low-middle-income countries (LMICs). LBP poses a significant socio-economic burden to the society regardless of all the technological advancement in diagnosis and intervention approaches in recent years. Despite an increase in the literature of LBP in LMICs, chronic low back pain (CLBP) is poorly investigated yet it is responsible for the largest amount of burden. The purpose of this scoping review is to map the existing evidence on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, risk factors, and cost associated with CLBP among adults in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We will conduct a scoping review to explore, describe, and map literature on the prevalence, incidence, mortality, risk factors, and costs associated with CLBP among adults in SSA. The search will be performed using the EBSCOhost platform by searching the following databases within the platform: Academic search complete, health source: nursing/academic edition, CINAHL with full text, Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Science Direct databases, Google Scholar, and the World Health Organization library databases. The search will include peer-reviewed, review articles, and gray literature. The first (title and abstract) and the second (full text) screening phases will be performed by two independent reviewers, with the third reviewer employed to adjudicate discrepancies. The reference list of all included articles will also be searched for eligible articles. This scoping review will be reported in accordance to the MOOSE and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. The NVivo 12 data analysis software will be used to generate themes, and a thematic content analysis will be used to give the narrative account of the review. The study anticipates finding relevant literature on the prevalence, incidence, risk factors, mortality, and cost associated with CLBP among adults in SSA. The study outcomes will aid in identifying research gaps, planning, informing policy, commissioning of future research, and funding prioritization.

中文翻译：

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撒哈拉以南非洲成年人中与慢性下腰痛相关的患病率，发病率，危险因素和成本的证据图：系统的范围界定审查方案

在全球范围内，下腰痛（LBP）是主要的公共卫生问题，主要影响工人阶级的成年人，并且是导致残疾的主要原因。LBP的终生患病率估计为50％至80％。从1990年到2015年，由LBP造成的残障人士居住的年份增加了54％，其中在中低收入国家（LMIC）中观察到的增加最多。无论近年来诊断和干预方法中的所有技术进步如何，LBP都给社会带来了巨大的社会经济负担。尽管LMIC中LBP的文献有所增加，但慢性腰背痛（CLBP）的研究很少，但它却是造成最大负担的原因。范围界定审查的目的是绘制关于流行率，发生率，死亡率，危险因素，撒哈拉以南非洲地区（SSA）成人与CLBP相关的费用。我们将进行范围界定审查，以探索，描述和映射有关SSA成年人中CLBP的患病率，发病率，死亡率，危险因素和成本的文献。搜索将使用EBSCOhost平台执行，方法是在平台内搜索以下数据库：学术搜索完成，健康源：护理/学术版，带有全文的CINAHL，Embase，PubMed，MEDLINE，Science Direct数据库，Google Scholar和世界卫生组织图书馆数据库。搜索将包括同行评审，评论文章和灰色文献。第一阶段（标题和摘要）和第二阶段（全文）筛选阶段将由两名独立的审阅者执行，第三名审阅者用于裁定差异。所有包含的文章的参考列表也将在符合条件的文章中进行搜索。该范围审查将根据MOOSE和PRISMA-ScR指南进行报告。NVivo 12数据分析软件将用于生成主题，主题内容分析将用于提供评论的叙述。该研究有望找到有关SSA成年人中CLBP的患病率，发生率，危险因素，死亡率和成本的相关文献。研究结果将有助于确定研究差距，规划，提供信息，委托进行未来研究以及确定资金优先次序。NVivo 12数据分析软件将用于生成主题，主题内容分析将用于提供评论的叙述。该研究有望找到有关SSA成年人中CLBP的患病率，发生率，危险因素，死亡率和成本的相关文献。研究结果将有助于确定研究差距，规划，提供信息，委托进行未来研究以及确定资金优先次序。NVivo 12数据分析软件将用于生成主题，主题内容分析将用于提供评论的叙述。该研究有望找到有关SSA成年人中CLBP的患病率，发生率，危险因素，死亡率和成本的相关文献。研究结果将有助于确定研究差距，规划，提供信息，委托进行未来研究以及确定资金优先次序。