The fall webworm Hyphantria cunea is an invasive and polyphagous defoliator pest that feeds on nearly any type of deciduous tree worldwide. The silk web of H. cunea aids its aggregating behavior, provides thermal regulation and is regarded as one of causes for its rapid spread. In addition, both chemosensory and detoxification genes are vital for host adaptation in insects. Here, a high-quality genome of H. cunea was obtained. Silk-web-related genes were identified from the genome, and successful silencing of the silk protein gene HcunFib-H resulted in a significant decrease in silk web shelter production. The CAFE analysis showed that some chemosensory and detoxification gene families, such as CSPs, CCEs, GSTs and UGTs, were expanded. A transcriptome analysis using the newly sequenced H. cunea genome showed that most chemosensory genes were specifically expressed in the antennae, while most detoxification genes were highly expressed during the feeding peak. Moreover, we found that many nutrient-related genes and one detoxification gene, HcunP450 (CYP306A1), were under significant positive selection, suggesting a crucial role of these genes in host adaptation in H. cunea. At the metagenomic level, several microbial communities in H. cunea gut and their metabolic pathways might be beneficial to H. cunea for nutrient metabolism and detoxification, and might also contribute to its host adaptation. These findings explain the host and environmental adaptations of H. cunea at the genetic level and provide partial evidence for the cause of its rapid invasion and potential gene targets for innovative pest management strategies.

中文翻译：

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网虫美国白蛾的基因组揭示了支持其快速入侵和传播的遗传适应


美国白蛾（Hyphantria cunea）是一种入侵性、多食性落叶害虫，以世界范围内几乎所有类型的落叶树为食。 H. cunea 的丝网有助于其聚集行为，提供温度调节，并被认为是其快速传播的原因之一。此外，化学感应和解毒基因对于昆虫的宿主适应至关重要。在这里，获得了 H. cunea 的高质量基因组。从基因组中鉴定出与丝网相关的基因，成功沉默丝蛋白基因 HcunFib-H 导致丝网庇护所产量显着下降。 CAFE分析表明，一些化学感应和解毒基因家族，如CSP、CCE、GST和UGT得到了扩展。使用新测序的 H. cunea 基因组进行的转录组分析表明，大多数化学感应基因在触角中特异表达，而大多数解毒基因在摄食高峰期间高表达。此外，我们发现许多营养相关基因和一种解毒基因 HcunP450 (CYP306A1) 处于显着的正选择之下，表明这些基因在 H. cunea 的宿主适应中发挥着至关重要的作用。在宏基因组水平上，H. cunea肠道中的几个微生物群落及其代谢途径可能有利于H. cunea的营养代谢和解毒，也可能有助于其宿主适应。这些发现在基因水平上解释了美国白蛾的宿主和环境适应，并为其快速入侵的原因和创新害虫管理策略的潜在基因目标提供了部分证据。