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Covalent Triazine Framework Confined Copper Catalysts for Selective Electrochemical CO2 Reduction: Operando Diagnosis of Active Sites
ACS Catalysis ( IF 11.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-17 , DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.0c00243
Lushan Ma 1, 2 , Weibo Hu 1, 3 , Bingbao Mei 2, 4 , Hong Liu 5 , Biao Yuan 5 , Jian Zang 1, 2 , Tao Chen 1, 2 , Liangliang Zou 1 , Zhiqing Zou 1 , Bo Yang 5 , Yi Yu 5 , Jingyuan Ma 4 , Zheng Jiang 4 , Ke Wen 1, 5 , Hui Yang 1, 3
Affiliation  

Developing efficient catalysts for steering the electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) toward high-value chemicals beyond CO and formic acid is highly desirable. Herein, we have developed copper-based catalysts confined within a rationally designed covalent triazine framework (CTF-B), featuring a CuN2Cl2 structure, for selective CO2RR to hydrocarbons with a maximum Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 81.3% and an FE of C2H4 up to 30.6%. Operando X-ray adsorption fine structure analyses reveal the potential-driven dynamic formation of Cu atomic clusters, together with the time-dependent and Cu-content-dependent CO2RR performance associated with the catalyst activation, definitively uncovering that the aggregated Cu clusters confined within CTF-B are the active sites. A further probing experiment of CO electroreduction not only verifies that CO is one of the key intermediates for the CO2RR but also demonstrates the improved selectivity to C2 chemicals, with a maximum FE of 68.4% (C2H4, 35.0%; acetate, 33.4%), possibly originating from the accelerative C–C coupling reaction due to the increased CO coverage and enhanced local pH in CO-saturated electrolyte. Interestingly, acetate is identified as the only liquid product, mostly likely benefiting from the dominant low-coordination active sites of confined Cu aggregation and favorable chemical confinement environment of CTF-B. The strategy of constructing efficient metalloelectrocatalysts by means of confinement in a covalent organic framework along with operando identification of active sites sheds light on the rational catalyst design and structure–property relationship.

中文翻译:

共价三嗪骨架受限的铜催化剂,用于选择性电化学还原CO 2:活性部位的操作性诊断

迫切需要开发有效的催化剂,以将电化学的CO 2还原反应(CO 2 RR)转向高价值的化学物质,而不仅仅是CO和甲酸。本文中,我们开发了一种铜基催化剂,该催化剂被限制在合理设计的共价三嗪骨架(CTF-B)内,具有CuN 2 Cl 2结构,可选择性地将CO 2 RR还原为碳氢化合物,最大法拉第效率(FE)为81.3%, C 2 H 4的FE高达30.6%。Operando X射线吸附精细结构分析揭示了潜在驱动的Cu原子簇的动态形成,以及随时间变化和随Cu含量变化的CO 2与催化剂活化相关的RR性能,明确揭示了封闭在CTF-B内的聚集Cu簇是活性位点。CO电还原的进一步探测实验不仅验证了CO是CO 2 RR的关键中间体之一,而且还证明了其对C 2化学品选择性的提高,最大FE为68.4%(C 2 H 4,35.0%; 醋酸盐(33.4%),可能是由于加速的C–C偶联反应所致,这是由于增加了CO的覆盖范围和提高了CO饱和电解质的局部pH值。有趣的是,乙酸盐被确定为唯一的液体产品,主要可能受益于有限的Cu聚集体的主要低配位活性位点和CTF-B的良好化学限制环境。通过限制在共价有机框架中,以及对活性位点的操作鉴定,构造有效的金属电催化剂的策略为合理的催化剂设计和结构-性质关系提供了线索。
更新日期:2020-04-23
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