ABSTRACT The possibility of experimental creation of a system of Rydberg atoms with an arbitrary probability distribution of their dipole moments is shown. The equation of state is calculated by the Monte Carlo method in the NVT ensemble for two options of the distribution: isotropic distribution and distribution for the system of identical dipoles. Critical parameters of the phase transition and the binodal are determined in both cases. Critical temperatures for both options virtually coincide. However, critical density for isotropic distribution is 20 times higher. It is shown that the absence of spatial separation in the region of coexistence of dense and dilute phases is a specific feature of the phase transition in dipole systems, and such absence of separation is due to the topological features of clusters of the dense phase. Areas of parameters for the experimental observation of the self-organisation of ultracold Rydberg atoms on the existing experimental stands are determined.

中文翻译：

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共振激发的里德堡原子气体中的一级相变

摘要显示了实验创建具有任意偶极矩概率分布的里德堡原子系统的可能性。状态方程是通过 NVT 系综中的 Monte Carlo 方法计算的，有两个分布选项：各向同性分布和相同偶极子系统的分布。在这两种情况下都确定了相变和双节点的关键参数。两种选择的临界温度几乎一致。但是，各向同性分布的临界密度要高 20 倍。结果表明，在密相和稀相共存的区域中没有空间分离是偶极系统相变的一个特定特征，而这种没有分离是由于密相簇的拓扑特征。