Chirality is ubiquitous in nature and plays mysterious and essential roles in maintaining key biological and physiological processes. As biological systems display high selectivity for chiral biomolecules, chiral bio-nanoscience has become a popular research field during the last decade. Homochirality, as an essential attribute of natural compounds (l-amino acids, d-sugars, etc.), inspired the emergence of synthetic chiral nanomaterials, which in turn impacted their biological functions and fates. This review is a comprehensive overview of the interactions between chiral inorganic nanostructures and biosystems. We start with the recent progress in biocompatible chiral nanomaterials and focus on stereospecific biological interactions ranging from enantioselective reactions in applications such as sensing and catalysis to chirality-dependent controllable manipulation of cell behaviours and finally to enantiopure nanoplatforms for improved disease therapy. We also discuss the current challenges and future potential of these chiral nanotechnologies in biomedicine and bioengineering, provide strategies to overcome these barriers and offer a future perspective.

中文翻译：

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手性无机纳米材料与生物系统之间的立体特异性相互作用。

手性在自然界无处不在，在维持关键的生物学和生理过程中起着神秘而必不可少的作用。随着生物系统显示出对手性生物分子的高选择性，在过去的十年中，手性生物纳米科学已成为流行的研究领域。作为天然化合物（1-氨基酸，d-糖等）的基本属性，同质手性激发了合成手性纳米材料的出现，进而影响了它们的生物学功能和命运。这篇综述是对手性无机纳米结构和生物系统之间相互作用的全面概述。我们从生物相容性手性纳米材料的最新进展开始，并专注于立体特异性生物相互作用，从应用中的对映选择性反应（如传感和催化）到手性依赖的细胞行为可控操作，最后到对映纯纳米平台以改善疾病治疗。我们还将讨论这些手性纳米技术在生物医学和生物工程中的当前挑战和未来潜力，提供克服这些障碍的策略，并提供未来展望。