BACKGROUND Nrf2 is a transcription factor that induces the expression of several proteins with antioxidant properties such as sestrin2 (Sesn2) and is therefore considered as the major regulator of anti-oxidative defence system. OBJECTIVES The aim of this research was to study the effect of supplementation with n-3 PUFAs on the antioxidant status and the gene expression of Nrf2 and Sestrin2 (Sesn2) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). PARTICIPANTS Sixty patients with T2DM were enrolled in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised clinical trial. INTERVENTION AND DESIGN The participants were randomly allocated to two intervention groups receiving either n-3 PUFAs (2,700 mg/day) (n = 30) or placebo soft gels containing 900 mg of edible paraffin (n = 30). The main outcome measures were the expression of Sesn2 and Nrf2 genes which were assessed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) after RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis by real-time PCR. Total antioxidant status in plasma samples was also measured based on the ferric reducing ability of plasma. RESULTS NRF2 gene expression was significantly increased in n-3 PUFA-supplemented subjects, compared with the placebo group. Plasma total antioxidant status was also significantly augmented in n-3 PUFA-supplemented subjects. SESN2 gene expression was not significantly affected by n-3 PUFA supplementation although a slight up-regulation was observed. CONCLUSION Supplementation with n-3 PUFAs enhanced NRF2 gene expression and improved overall antioxidant capacity and thus might be considered beneficial in the amelioration of oxidative stress and prevention of T2DM complications. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRCT20150926024198N4.

中文翻译：

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补充omega-3多不饱和脂肪酸后2型糖尿病患者NRF2基因表达的改善和抗氧化状态的改善：一项双盲随机安慰剂对照临床试验。

背景技术Nrf2是一种转录因子，可诱导几种具有抗氧化特性的蛋白质（如sestrin2（Sesn2））表达，因此被视为抗氧化防御系统的主要调节剂。目的本研究的目的是研究补充n-3 PUFA对2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者抗氧化状态以及Nrf2和Sestrin2（Sesn2）基因表达的影响。研究对象60名T2DM患者参加了安慰剂对照，双盲，随机临床试验。干预与设计参与者被随机分为两个干预组，分别接受n-3 PUFA（2,700 mg /天）（n = 30）或含900 mg可食用石蜡的安慰剂软凝胶（n = 30）。主要结果指标是通过实时PCR提取RNA和合成cDNA后评估的外周血单个核细胞（PBMC）中Sesn2和Nrf2基因的表达。还基于血浆的铁还原能力测量了血浆样品中的总抗氧化剂状态。结果与安慰剂组相比，在n-3 PUFA补充受试者中，NRF2基因表达显着增加。在n-3 PUFA补充的受试者中，血浆总抗氧化剂状态也显着增强。SESN2基因表达不受n-3 PUFA补充的显着影响，尽管观察到轻微的上调。结论补充n-3 PUFAs可以增强NRF2基因表达并改善总体抗氧化能力，因此可能被认为有利于减轻氧化应激和预防T2DM并发症。试用注册IRCT20150926024198N4。