Ingestion of deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the most common mycotoxin contaminants of cereals, leads to adverse effects for animal and human health. Bacterial biotransformation is a strategy to mitigate the toxicity of this mycotoxin. The present study aims to evaluate the toxicity of two bacterial biotranformation products of DON: 3-epi-deoxynivalenol (3-epi-DON) and de-epoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1) through zootechnical, hematological, histological and immunological assays. Twenty-four 4-weeks-old piglets received a control diet or a diet contaminated with 3 mg kg-1 DON, DOM-1, or 3-epi-DON for 7 days. Sample tissues were collected for histomorphometrical analysis, expression of cytokines and cell protein junctions. The zootechnical and hematological parameters were not modulated by any treatment. Ingestion of DON induced histological alterations in the intestine, liver and lymphoid organs, as well as an overexpression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, E-cadherin and occludin. These changes were not observed in piglets receiving the DOM-1 and 3-epi-DON contaminated diets. Pigs fed 3-epi-DON contaminated diet showed an increase in IgM levels in comparison with other diets, while no change was observed in IgA and IgG levels among the diets. Our results indicate that DOM-1 and 3-epi-DON are not toxic for piglets; thus bacterial biotransformation seems to be a sustainable alternative to reduce mycotoxin toxicity.

中文翻译：

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通过脱氧雪茄烯醇细菌生物转化降低3-表皮-脱氧雪茄烯醇和脱环氧-脱氧雪茄烯醇的毒性：仔猪体内分析。

摄入谷物中最常见的霉菌毒素污染物之一脱氧雪腐烯酚（DON）会对动物和人类健康产生不利影响。细菌生物转化是减轻这种霉菌毒素毒性的一种策略。本研究旨在通过动物技术，血液学，组织学和免疫学方法评估DON的两种细菌生物转化产物的毒性：3-环氧-脱氧雪腐酚（3-epi-DON）和脱环氧-脱氧雪腐酚（DOM-1）。24只4周龄的仔猪接受了对照饮食或被3 mg kg-1 DON，DOM-1或3-epi-DON污染的饮食，共7天。收集样品组织用于组织形态计量分析，细胞因子的表达和细胞蛋白连接。动物技术和血液学参数未经过任何处理。摄入DON会引起肠，肝和淋巴器官的组织学改变，以及促炎性细胞因子，E-钙粘蛋白和闭合蛋白的过表达。在接受DOM-1和3-epi-DON污染的日粮的仔猪中未观察到这些变化。与其他日粮相比，饲喂受3-epi-DON污染的日粮的猪的IgM水平升高，而日粮中的IgA和IgG水平未见变化。我们的结果表明DOM-1和3-epi-DON对仔猪无毒；因此细菌的生物转化似乎是减少霉菌毒素毒性的可持续选择。与其他日粮相比，饲喂受3-epi-DON污染的日粮的猪的IgM水平升高，而日粮中的IgA和IgG水平未见变化。我们的结果表明DOM-1和3-epi-DON对仔猪无毒；因此细菌的生物转化似乎是减少霉菌毒素毒性的可持续选择。与其他日粮相比，饲喂受3-epi-DON污染的日粮的猪的IgM水平升高，而日粮中的IgA和IgG水平未见变化。我们的结果表明DOM-1和3-epi-DON对仔猪无毒；因此细菌的生物转化似乎是减少霉菌毒素毒性的可持续选择。