Mutation is a permanent alteration in the sequence of genomic DNA which its integrity and stability is crucial for all living organism. Recognition of these mutations gives the opportunity to improve the therapeutic of these diseases. The most of detection techniques for point mutations are based on PCR. Despite being highly sensitive, PCR based approaches are suffering from amplification errors caused by mispriming. A biosensor as an analytical device measures biological or chemical reactions, through converting them into electrical signals. Biosensors that detect DNA molecules as the analyte are called genosensors or DNA biosensors. Different types of biosensors and also various Piezoelectric sensors such as QCM (Quartz crystal microbalance), SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) with immobilization of sensitivity detectors can be useful devices for detection of mutant genes. In this review, we intend to focus on various biosensor based methods to overcome the disadvantages of conventional methods for detection of point mutations.

突变是基因组DNA序列中的永久性变化，其完整性和稳定性对所有活生物体至关重要。对这些突变的认识为改善这些疾病的治疗提供了机会。大多数针对点突变的检测技术都是基于PCR。尽管具有高度敏感性，基于PCR的方法仍存在因引物引发的扩增错误。生物传感器作为分析设备，可以通过将生物或化学反应转换为电信号来对其进行测量。将DNA分子检测为分析物的生物传感器称为基因传感器或DNA生物传感器。不同类型的生物传感器以及各种压电传感器，例如QCM（石英晶体微量天平），固定有灵敏度检测器的SAW（表面声波）可能是检测突变基因的有用设备。在这篇综述中，我们打算专注于各种基于生物传感器的方法，以克服传统的检测点突变的方法的缺点。