Diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are systemic metabolic disorders, which have risk factors for diabetic cardiovascular and cerebral microvascular disease. It is very important to screen the metabolic biomarkers between DM and MetS patients, which can make patients benefit to a greater extent and prevent the occurrence of disease in advance. Diabetes mellitus (DM) and metabolic syndrome are a complex, chronic illness with a pronounced impact on the quality of life of many people. However, understanding the metabolic changes in patients and identifying high-risk individuals is crucial for prevention and disease management strategies. In this study, a nontargeted metabolomics approach based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was used to find the differential metabolites in serum samples from patients with DM and MetS. Metabonomic analysis reveals metabolic differences between DM and HC with significant differences more than 60 metabolites. While, more than 65 metabolites have significant differences between MetS and HC. The independent disturbed pathway in the DM group was the FoxO signaling pathway. The independent disturbed pathways in the MetS group were the alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism and pyrimidine metabolism. Our findings, on one hand, provide critical insight into the pathological mechanism of DM and MetS. On the other hand, supply a combinatorial biomarker to aid the diagnosis of diseases in clinical usage.

中文翻译：

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基于 UPLC-Q-TOF/MS 的糖尿病和代谢综合征血清生物标志物的发现和比较

糖尿病（DM）和代谢综合征（MetS）属于全身代谢性疾病，是糖尿病性心脑血管疾病的危险因素。筛查DM和MetS患者的代谢生物标志物非常重要，可以使患者更大程度受益，提前预防疾病的发生。糖尿病 (DM) 和代谢综合征是一种复杂的慢性疾病，对许多人的生活质量产生显着影响。然而，了解患者的代谢变化并识别高危个体对于预防和疾病管理策略至关重要。在本研究中，采用基于 UPLC-Q-TOF/MS 的非靶向代谢组学方法来寻找 DM 和 MetS 患者血清样本中的差异代谢物。代谢组学分析揭示了 DM 和 HC 之间的代谢差异，其中 60 多种代谢物存在显着差异。而 MetS 和 HC 之间有超过 65 种代谢物存在显着差异。DM组中独立受到干扰的通路是FoxO信号通路。MetS组中独立的干扰途径是α-亚麻酸代谢、甘油磷脂代谢和嘧啶代谢。一方面，我们的研究结果为 DM 和 MetS 的病理机制提供了重要的见解。另一方面，提供组合生物标志物以帮助临床使用中的疾病诊断。