N⁶-Methyladenosine (m⁶A) RNA modification has emerged in recent years as a new layer of regulatory mechanism controlling gene expression in eukaryotes. As a reversible epigenetic modification found not only in messenger RNAs but also in non-coding RNAs, m⁶A affects the fate of the modified RNA molecules and plays important roles in almost all vital bioprocesses, including cancer development. Here we review the up-to-date knowledge of the pathological roles and underlying molecular mechanism of m⁶A modifications (in both coding and non-coding RNAs) in cancer pathogenesis and drug response/resistance, and discuss the therapeutic potential of targeting m⁶A regulators for cancer therapy.

近年来，N ^{6 -}甲基腺苷 (m ⁶ A) RNA 修饰已成为控制真核生物基因表达的新调控机制层。作为一种不仅在信使 RNA 中而且在非编码 RNA 中发现的可逆表观遗传修饰，m ⁶ A 影响修饰后的 RNA 分子的命运，并在几乎所有重要的生物过程中发挥重要作用，包括癌症的发展。在这里，我们回顾了 m ⁶ A 修饰（编码和非编码 RNA）在癌症发病机制和药物反应/耐药中的病理作用和潜在分子机制的最新知识，并讨论了靶向 m 的治疗潜力⁶ A 癌症治疗调节剂。