A two-dimensional multi-physical model was applied for analyzing the performance of a vanadium redox flow battery under variable operating strategies. The study indicated that for constant flow rate and current, it is inconsistent to give consideration to both the capacity and efficiency of the battery. In contrast, variable flow rate strategy can enhance the overall battery performance. Considering the complicity in controlling the pump, the step-up flow rate strategy is suggested. When the flow rate is stepped up from 0.5 to 3.5 ml s⁻¹ at state of charge (soc) over 0.85 for charge process or soc below 0.15 for discharge process, the system efficiency can reach 82% while maintaining both the capacity and net discharge work at high levels. Besides, it was indicated that the overall battery performance can be further improved with simultaneous step-up flow rate and step-down current strategy. For all cases studied, the simultaneous step-up flow rate from 0.5 to 3.5 ml s⁻¹ and step-down current density from 80 to 60 mA cm⁻² is preferred, which further increases the capacity and net discharge work by over 6.5% while maintaining high efficiency as compared with the strategy of flow rate step-up only.

应用二维多物理模型分析可变操作策略下钒还原液流电池的性能。研究表明，对于恒定的流量和电流，要同时考虑电池的容量和效率是不一致的。相反，可变流量策略可以增强整体电池性能。考虑到控制泵的复杂性，提出了逐步提高流量的策略。当电荷状态（soc）的流速从0.5 ml s ^-1升至0.85 s ^-1时，用于充电过程或soc排放工艺低于0.15时，系统效率可以达到82％，同时保持高容量和净排放功。此外，还表明通过同时提高流量和降低电流策略可以进一步提高整体电池性能。对于所研究的所有情况，同时升压流速从0.5到3.5 ml s ^-1和同时降压电流密度从80到60 mA cm ^-2是优选的，这将使容量和净放电功进一步提高6.5％以上与仅增加流量的策略相比，在保持高效率的同时。