Very few people live to eighty-five years and older (the ‘oldest old’), and even fewer live to this age without developing chronic diseases. It is important to understand the relationship, if any, of modifiable factors such as diet on healthy aging. However, there are few studies of diet among healthy oldest old, especially in North American populations. We aimed to characterize dietary patterns among ‘super-seniors’ (SS) within the Canadian Healthy Aging Study. 122 SS aged 85 years or older and free of cancer, cardiovascular or pulmonary disease, dementia and diabetes were recruited. Comparisons were made to 12,626 participants aged 65–86 in the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging who completed the same 36-item food frequency questionnaire that queried consumption over the prior 12 months of nutrients and foods thought to be important for aging. Dietary patterns were identified with principal component analysis. The odds of being a SS were determined for quartiles of each dietary pattern with logistic regression. Two dietary patterns were identified; a western diet characterized by french fries, red meat, processed meat and a nutrient-rich diet which included fruits, vegetables, whole grains, nuts and seeds among other healthy food choices. Higher scores for both dietary patterns were associated with increased odds of being a SS, however, only the western dietary pattern remained associated with adjustment for covariates (Quartile 4: OR = 3.21, 95% CI 1.91–5.51). Our finding adds to the limited evidence on dietary intake among the healthiest oldest old but it is unclear whether assocations reflect generational differences between groups or possible contributions to longevity.

中文翻译：

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健康老龄化研究和加拿大纵向老龄化研究中健康高龄老人的饮食模式：一项队列研究

很少有人能活到八十五岁及以上（“最年长的老人”），到这个年龄而没有发展成慢性病的人就更少了。重要的是要弄清楚诸如健康饮食等饮食因素与可调节因素之间的关系。但是，在健康的高龄老人中，尤其是在北美人群中，饮食研究很少。我们的目标是在加拿大健康老龄化研究中表征“超高级”（SS）的饮食模式。招募了122名年龄在85岁以上且没有癌症，心血管或肺部疾病，痴呆和糖尿病的党卫军。在加拿大纵向老龄化研究中，对12626名65-86岁的参与者进行了比较，他们完成了相同的36项食物频率问卷调查，该问卷调查了过去12个月中对衰老很重要的营养物质和食物的消费量。通过主成分分析确定饮食模式。通过Logistic回归确定每种饮食模式的四分位数成为SS的几率。确定了两种饮食模式；一种以薯条，红肉，加工肉和营养丰富的饮食为特征的西方饮食，包括水果，蔬菜，全谷类，坚果和种子等健康食品。两种饮食模式的得分较高都与SS发生几率增加有关，但是，只有西方饮食模式仍与协变量调整相关（四分位数4：OR = 3.21，95％CI 1.91–5.51）。我们的发现增加了最健康的最老老年人饮食摄入量的有限证据，但尚不清楚协会是否反映了群体之间的世代差异或对长寿的可能贡献。