The aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the effectiveness of interventions to increase children's water consumption. A systematic literature search was conducted in seven electronic databases. Studies published in English before 18 February 2019 that evaluated any type of intervention that measured change in water consumption among children aged 2 to 12 years by applying any type of design were included. Of the 47 interventions included in the systematic review, 24 reported a statistically significant increase in water consumption. Twenty‐four interventions (17 randomized controlled trials and seven studies with other controlled designs) were included in the meta‐analysis. On average, children in intervention groups consumed 29 mL/d (confidence interval [CI] = 13–46 mL/d) more water than did children in control groups. This effect was larger in eight interventions focused specifically on diet (MD = 73 mL/d, CI = 20–126 mL/d) than in 16 interventions focused also on other lifestyle factors (MD = 15 mL/d, CI = 1–29 mL/d). Significant subgroup differences were also found by study setting and socioecological level targeted but not by children's age group, intervention strategy, or study design. In conclusion, there is evidence that, on average, lifestyle interventions can lead to small increases in children's daily water consumption. More research is needed to further understand the specific intervention elements that have the greatest effect.

中文翻译：

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增加儿童用水量的干预措施：系统评价和荟萃分析。

本研究的目的是对增加儿童饮水量的干预措施的有效性进行系统评价和荟萃分析。在七个电子数据库中进行了系统的文献检索。其中包括 2019 年 2 月 18 日之前以英文发表的研究，这些研究评估了通过应用任何类型的设计来测量 2 至 12 岁儿童用水量变化的任何类型的干预措施。在系统评价纳入的 47 项干预措施中，有 24 项报告称用水量出现了统计上的显着增加。荟萃分析中纳入了 24 项干预措施（17 项随机对照试验和 7 项其他对照设计的研究）。平均而言，干预组的儿童比对照组的儿童多消耗 29 mL/d（置信区间 [CI] = 13–46 mL/d）的水。在专门针对饮食的 8 项干预措施（MD = 73 mL/d，CI = 20–126 mL/d）中，这种效果比同时关注其他生活方式因素的 16 项干预措施（MD = 15 mL/d，CI = 1– 29 毫升/天）。研究设置和目标社会生态水平也发现了显着的亚组差异，但儿童年龄组、干预策略或研究设计没有发现显着的亚组差异。总之，有证据表明，生活方式干预平均可以导致儿童每日饮水量小幅增加。需要更多的研究来进一步了解具有最大效果的具体干预因素。