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Quantifying irrigation cooling benefits to maize yield in the US Midwest.
Global Change Biology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-13 , DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15002
Yan Li 1, 2 , Kaiyu Guan 2, 3 , Bin Peng 2, 3 , Trenton E Franz 4 , Brian Wardlow 4 , Ming Pan 5
Affiliation  

Irrigation is an important adaptation strategy to improve crop resilience to global climate change. Irrigation plays an essential role in sustaining crop production in water‐limited regions, as irrigation water not only benefits crops through fulfilling crops' water demand but also creates an evaporative cooling that mitigates crop heat stress. Here we use satellite remote sensing and maize yield data in the state of Nebraska, USA, combined with statistical models, to quantify the contribution of cooling and water supply to the yield benefits due to irrigation. Results show that irrigation leads to a considerable cooling on daytime land surface temperature (−1.63°C in July), an increase in enhanced vegetation index (+0.10 in July), and 81% higher maize yields compared to rainfed maize. These irrigation effects vary along the spatial and temporal gradients of precipitation and temperature, with a greater effect in dry and hot conditions, and decline toward wet and cool conditions. We find that 16% of irrigation yield increase is due to irrigation cooling, while the rest (84%) is due to water supply and other factors. The irrigation cooling effect is also observed on air temperature (−0.38 to −0.53°C) from paired flux sites in Nebraska. This study highlights the non‐negligible contribution of irrigation cooling to the yield benefits of irrigation, and such an effect may become more important in the future with continued warming and more frequent droughts.

中文翻译:

量化灌溉降温对美国中西部玉米单产的好处。

灌溉是提高作物对全球气候变化适应能力的重要适应战略。灌溉在维持缺水地区的农作物生产中起着至关重要的作用,因为灌溉水不仅通过满足农作物的需水量使农作物受益,而且还产生了蒸发冷却,从而减轻了农作物的热应激。在这里,我们结合美国内布拉斯加州的卫星遥感数据和玉米产量数据,并结合统计模型,以量化冷却和供水对灌溉带来的产量收益的贡献。结果表明,灌溉使白天的陆地表面温度大大降低(7月为−1.63°C),植被指数增加(7月为+0.10),与雨养玉米相比,玉米单产高81%。这些灌溉效果沿降水和温度的空间和时间梯度变化,在干燥和炎热条件下效果更大,而在潮湿和凉爽条件下效果下降。我们发现,灌溉产量增加的16%是由于灌溉降温,而其余(84%)是由于供水和其他因素。内布拉斯加州成对的通量站点对气温(-0.38至-0.53°C)也观察到灌溉降温作用。这项研究强调了灌溉降温对灌溉产量收益的不可忽略的贡献,并且随着持续的变暖和干旱的增加,这种影响在未来可能变得越来越重要。我们发现,灌溉产量增加的16%是由于灌溉降温,而其余(84%)是由于供水和其他因素。内布拉斯加州成对的通量站点对气温(-0.38至-0.53°C)也观察到灌溉降温作用。这项研究强调了灌溉降温对灌溉产量收益的不可忽视的贡献,并且随着持续的变暖和干旱的增加,这种影响在未来可能变得越来越重要。我们发现,灌溉产量增加的16%是由于灌溉降温,而其余(84%)是由于供水和其他因素。内布拉斯加州成对的通量站点对气温(-0.38至-0.53°C)也观察到灌溉降温作用。这项研究强调了灌溉降温对灌溉产量收益的不可忽略的贡献,并且随着持续的变暖和干旱的增加,这种影响在未来可能变得越来越重要。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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