Heterogeneous macrophage lineages are present in the aortic and mitral valves of the heart during development and disease. These populations include resident macrophages of embryonic origins and recruited monocyte-derived macrophages prevalent in disease. Soon after birth, macrophages from haematopoietic lineages are recruited to the heart valves, and bone marrow transplantation studies in mice demonstrate that haematopoietic-derived macrophages continue to invest adult valves. During myxomatous heart valve disease, monocyte-derived macrophages are recruited to the heart valves and they contribute to valve degeneration in a mouse model of Marfan syndrome. Here, we review recent studies of macrophage lineages in heart valve development and disease with discussion of clinical significance and therapeutic applications.

中文翻译：

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心脏瓣膜发育和疾病中的巨噬细胞谱系

在发育和疾病过程中，心脏的主动脉瓣和二尖瓣中存在异质巨噬细胞谱系。这些群体包括胚胎起源的常驻巨噬细胞和疾病中流行的招募的单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞。出生后不久，来自造血谱系的巨噬细胞被募集到心脏瓣膜，小鼠骨髓移植研究表明，造血衍生的巨噬细胞继续投资于成人瓣膜。在粘液瘤性心脏瓣膜病期间，单核细胞衍生的巨噬细胞被募集到心脏瓣膜，并导致马凡综合征小鼠模型的瓣膜退化。在这里，我们回顾了心脏瓣膜发育和疾病中巨噬细胞谱系的最新研究，并讨论了临床意义和治疗应用。