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Symbiolite formation: a powerful in vitro model to untangle the role of bacterial communities in the photosynthesis-induced formation of microbialites.
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0629-z Matthew R Nitschke 1, 2 , Cátia Fidalgo 1 , João Simões 1 , Cláudio Brandão 1 , Artur Alves 1 , João Serôdio 1 , Jörg C Frommlet 1
The ISME Journal ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-13 , DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-0629-z Matthew R Nitschke 1, 2 , Cátia Fidalgo 1 , João Simões 1 , Cláudio Brandão 1 , Artur Alves 1 , João Serôdio 1 , Jörg C Frommlet 1
Affiliation
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Microbially induced calcification is an ancient, community-driven mineralisation process that produces different types of microbialites. Symbiolites are photosynthesis-induced microbialites, formed by calcifying co-cultures of dinoflagellates from the family Symbiodiniaceae and bacteria. Symbiolites encase the calcifying community as endolithic cells, pointing at an autoendolithic niche of symbiotic dinoflagellates, and provide a rare opportunity to study the role of bacteria in bacterial-algal calcification, as symbiodiniacean cultures display either distinct symbiolite-producing (SP) or non-symbiolite-producing (NP) phenotypes. Using Illumina sequencing, we found that the bacterial communities of SP and NP cultures differed significantly in the relative abundance of 23 genera, 14 families, and 2 phyla. SP cultures were rich in biofilm digesters from the phylum Planctomycetes and their predicted metagenomes were enriched in orthologs related to biofilm formation. In contrast, NP cultures were dominated by biofilm digesters from the Bacteroidetes, and were inferred as enriched in proteases and nucleases. Functional assays confirmed the potential of co-cultures and bacterial isolates to produce biofilms and point at acidic polysaccharides as key stimulators for mineral precipitation. Hence, bacteria appear to influence symbiolite formation primarily through their biofilm-producing and modifying activity and we anticipate that symbiolite formation, as a low-complexity in vitro model, will significantly advance our understanding of photosynthesis-induced microbial calcification processes.
中文翻译：
共生体形成：一个强大的体外模型，可以阐明细菌群落在光合作用诱导的微生物形成中的作用。
微生物诱导的钙化是一种古老的、由群落驱动的矿化过程，会产生不同类型的微生物岩。共生体是光合作用诱导的微生物体，由共生体科甲藻和细菌钙化共培养物形成。共生石将钙化群落包裹为内石细胞，指向共生甲藻的自内石生态位，并为研究细菌在细菌-藻类钙化中的作用提供了难得的机会，因为共生藻类培养物表现出独特的共生石生成（SP）或非共生石生成（SP）或非共生石生成。共生体产生（NP）表型。使用Illumina测序，我们发现SP和NP培养物的细菌群落在23个属、14个科和2个门的相对丰度上存在显着差异。SP培养物富含来自浮霉菌门的生物膜消化器，并且其预测的宏基因组富含与生物膜形成相关的直系同源物。相比之下，NP 培养物以拟杆菌门的生物膜消化器为主，并推断富含蛋白酶和核酸酶。功能分析证实了共培养物和细菌分离物产生生物膜的潜力，并指出酸性多糖是矿物质沉淀的关键刺激剂。因此，细菌似乎主要通过其生物膜产生和修饰活性来影响共生体形成，我们预计共生体形成作为一种低复杂性的体外模型，将显着增进我们对光合作用诱导的微生物钙化过程的理解。
更新日期：2020-03-13
中文翻译：
共生体形成：一个强大的体外模型，可以阐明细菌群落在光合作用诱导的微生物形成中的作用。
微生物诱导的钙化是一种古老的、由群落驱动的矿化过程，会产生不同类型的微生物岩。共生体是光合作用诱导的微生物体，由共生体科甲藻和细菌钙化共培养物形成。共生石将钙化群落包裹为内石细胞，指向共生甲藻的自内石生态位，并为研究细菌在细菌-藻类钙化中的作用提供了难得的机会，因为共生藻类培养物表现出独特的共生石生成（SP）或非共生石生成（SP）或非共生石生成。共生体产生（NP）表型。使用Illumina测序，我们发现SP和NP培养物的细菌群落在23个属、14个科和2个门的相对丰度上存在显着差异。SP培养物富含来自浮霉菌门的生物膜消化器，并且其预测的宏基因组富含与生物膜形成相关的直系同源物。相比之下，NP 培养物以拟杆菌门的生物膜消化器为主，并推断富含蛋白酶和核酸酶。功能分析证实了共培养物和细菌分离物产生生物膜的潜力，并指出酸性多糖是矿物质沉淀的关键刺激剂。因此，细菌似乎主要通过其生物膜产生和修饰活性来影响共生体形成，我们预计共生体形成作为一种低复杂性的体外模型，将显着增进我们对光合作用诱导的微生物钙化过程的理解。
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