Digital power management systems allow power converters to operate with multiple changes in voltage reference. This asks for a new paradigm that shifts from achieving faster response to achieving best efficiency during multiple transients, with transient being eventually time constrained. State-space-based design of the control system fits perfectly this goal, since it is a time-domain design tool. It can further be enhanced with a linear quadratic regulator (LQR) optimization, configured with converter loss equation as cost function. The LQR mathematics guarantees a solution to the algebraic Riccati equation that produces the best system efficiency for the converter system during multiple transients. This article documents the design of the LQR control system having converter loss as a cost function and demonstrates the advantages of this method. The closed-loop control software yields very simple, running with a 250 kHz sampling frequency capability on a general use Microchip microcontroller platform. While a loss reduction of 2.5% is demonstrated by experiment in our setup, the advantage depends on the actual system work profile.

中文翻译：

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基于 LQR 的节能升压转换器控制器设计


数字电源管理系统允许电源转换器在参考电压多次变化的情况下运行。这就需要一种新的范例，从实现更快的响应转变为在多个瞬态期间实现最佳效率，而瞬态最终会受到时间限制。基于状态空间的控制系统设计完全符合这一目标，因为它是一种时域设计工具。它可以通过线性二次调节器 (LQR) 优化进一步增强，并配置转换器损耗方程作为成本函数。 LQR 数学保证了代数 Riccati 方程的解，该方程在多个瞬态期间为转换器系统产生最佳系统效率。本文记录了将转换器损耗作为成本函数的 LQR 控制系统的设计，并展示了该方法的优点。闭环控制软件非常简单，可以在通用 Microchip 微控制器平台上以 250 kHz 采样频率运行。虽然我们的设置中的实验证明损耗减少了 2.5%，但优势取决于实际的系统工作情况。