With the rapid development of Internet of Things (IoT), mobile crowdsensing (MCS), i.e., outsourcing sensing tasks to mobile devices or vehicles, has been proposed to address the problem of data collection in the scenarios such as smart city. Despite its benefits for a wide range of applications, MCS lacks an efficient incentive mechanism, restricting the development of IoT applications, especially for Internet of Vehicles (IoV)-a typical example of IoT applications; this is because vehicles are usually reluctant to participate these sensing tasks. Moreover, in practice, some sensing tasks may arrive suddenly (called an emergent task) in the IoV environment, but the resources of a single vehicle may be insufficient to handle, and thus multivehicles collaboration is required. In this case, the incentive mechanisms for the participation of multiple vehicles and the task scheduling for their collaborations are collectively needed. To address this important problem, we first propose a new model for the scenario of two vehicles collaboration, considering the situation of the emergent appearance of a task. In this model, for a general sensing task, we propose a bidding mechanism to better encourage vehicles to contribute their resources, and the tasks for those vehicles are scheduled accordingly. Second, for an emergent task, a novel time-window-based method is devised to manage the tasks among vehicles and to incent the vehicles to participate. Finally, we develop a blockchain framework to achieve the secured information exchange through smart contract for the proposed models in IoV.

中文翻译：

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基于区块链的安全信息交换的车联网高效协作和激励机制


随着物联网（IoT）的快速发展，移动群智感知（MCS），即将感知任务外包给移动设备或车辆，被提出来解决智慧城市等场景中的数据采集问题。尽管MCS具有广泛的应用前景，但缺乏有效的激励机制，限制了物联网应用的发展，特别是物联网应用的典型例子车联网（IoV）；这是因为车辆通常不愿意参与这些传感任务。此外，在实际应用中，车联网环境中一些感知任务可能会突然到来（称为紧急任务），但单辆车的资源可能不足以处理，因此需要多车协作。在这种情况下，需要多车辆参与的激励机制以及多车辆协作的任务调度。为了解决这个重要问题，我们首先考虑到任务紧急出现的情况，提出了一种针对两辆车协作场景的新模型。在这个模型中，对于一般的传感任务，我们提出了一种竞价机制，以更好地鼓励车辆贡献资源，并相应地安排这些车辆的任务。其次，对于紧急任务，设计了一种新颖的基于时间窗口的方法来管理车辆之间的任务并激励车辆参与。最后，我们开发了一个区块链框架，通过智能合约为车联网中提出的模型实现安全信息交换。