This paper explores an emerging wireless Internet-of-things (IoT) architecture based on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). We consider a network where a fleet of UAVs at a fixed altitude flies on planned trajectories and IoT devices on the ground are scheduled to transmit their data to the UAVs when the latter are nearby. In such a system, the UAVs’ motion triggers the uplink transmissions of the IoT devices. As a result, network performance is determined by the geometric and dynamic characteristics of the system. We propose a joint stationary model for UAVs and IoT devices and then evaluate the interference, the coverage probability, and the data rate of the typical UAV. To assess the harvesting capability of the proposed architecture, we derive a formula for the amount of data uploaded from each IoT device to a UAV. We also establish a linear relationship between the UAV coverage and the harvesting capability of the network, which provides insights into the design of the proposed harvesting scheme. In addition, we use our analytical results to numerically show that there exists a trade-off between the uploaded data and the size of the IoT scheduling window. Specifically, for a given UAV and IoT geometry, there exists an optimal scheduling window that maximizes the harvesting capability of the proposed network.

中文翻译：

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基于无人机的数据采集架构建模与分析

本文探讨了一种基于无人机 (UAV) 的新兴无线物联网 (IoT) 架构。我们考虑一个网络，其中一组固定高度的无人机按照计划的轨迹飞行，地面上的物联网设备计划在无人机在附近时将其数据传输到无人机。在这样的系统中，无人机的运动会触发物联网设备的上行链路传输。因此，网络性能由系统的几何和动态特性决定。我们为无人机和物联网设备提出了一个联合静止模型，然后评估了典型无人机的干扰、覆盖概率和数据速率。为了评估所提出架构的收集能力，我们推导出从每个物联网设备上传到无人机的数据量的公式。我们还在无人机覆盖范围和网络的收集能力之间建立了线性关系，这为所提出的收集方案的设计提供了见解。此外，我们使用我们的分析结果以数值方式表明上传的数据与 IoT 调度窗口的大小之间存在权衡。具体来说，对于给定的 UAV 和 IoT 几何结构，存在一个最佳调度窗口，可以最大化所提议网络的收集能力。