The effects of hardware-induced crosstalk in MIMO transmitters, subject to nonlinear power amplifier distortion, are considered in this paper. A methodology that provides tractable results and a clear understanding of the effects of crosstalk on transmitter performance is introduced and applied to different transmitter models. In particular, a physically motivated $2 \times 2$ MIMO transmitter model, which is subjected to input and output crosstalk, is studied in detail, as well as a behavior motivated transmitter model, which is subjected to linear crosstalk. For the latter structure, asymptotic results, when the number of transmitters tends to infinity, are derived. These results provide insight into different 1D and 2D transmitter structures in the massive MIMO scenario. The methodology provides tractable analytical results of the performance of the transmitter. It is shown that the transmitter crosstalk degrades the performance in terms of normalized mean squared error with 3 dB going from a $2\times 2$ set-up to a 1D array of a massive amount of transmitters, and an additional 3 dB loss going from a 1D to 2D transmitter structure. Transmitter input power back-off optimization is further studied, with back-off determination that takes the effects of MIMO crosstalk into account in order to increase the energy efficiency of the transmitter.

中文翻译：

---

MIMO 和大规模 MIMO 发射机串扰

本文考虑了受非线性功率放大器失真影响的 MIMO 发射机中硬件引起的串扰的影响。介绍了一种可提供易于处理的结果并清楚了解串扰对发射机性能影响的方法，并将其应用于不同的发射机模型。特别地，详细研究了受到输入和输出串扰的物理激励的 $2 \times 2$ MIMO 发射机模型，以及受到线性串扰的行为激励发射机模型。对于后一种结构，当发射器的数量趋于无穷大时，会推导出渐近结果。这些结果提供了对大规模 MIMO 场景中不同 1D 和 2D 发射机结构的洞察。该方法提供了变送器性能的易于处理的分析结果。结果表明，发射机串扰降低了归一化均方误差方面的性能，从 $2\times 2$ 设置到大量发射机的 1D 阵列，3 dB 的损失，以及额外的 3 dB 损失来自一维到二维的发射器结构。进一步研究了发射机输入功率回退优化，回退确定考虑了 MIMO 串扰的影响，以提高发射机的能效。以及从 1D 到 2D 发射机结构的额外 3 dB 损耗。进一步研究了发射机输入功率回退优化，回退确定考虑了 MIMO 串扰的影响，以提高发射机的能效。以及从 1D 到 2D 发射机结构的额外 3 dB 损耗。进一步研究了发射机输入功率回退优化，回退确定考虑了 MIMO 串扰的影响，以提高发射机的能效。