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Isotopic evidence of arbuscular mycorrhizal cheating in a grassland gentian species.
Oecologia ( IF 2.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-14 , DOI: 10.1007/s00442-020-04631-x
Kenji Suetsugu 1 , Jun Matsubayashi 2 , Nanako O Ogawa 2 , Satoe Murata 3 , Risa Sato 3 , Hiroshi Tomimatsu 3
Affiliation  

All orchids and pyroloids are mycoheterotrophic at least in the early stage. Many species are predisposed to mycoheterotrophic nutrition even in the adult stage, due to the initial mycoheterotrophy during germination. Although other green plants, such as gentian species, also produce numerous minute seeds, whose germination may depend on fungal associations to meet C demands, physiological evidence for partial mycoheterotrophy in the adult stage is lacking for most candidate taxa. Here, we compared the natural abundances of 13C and 15N isotopes in the AM-associated gentian species Pterygocalyx volubilis growing in high-light-intensity habitats with those of co-occurring autotrophic C3 and C4 plants and AM fungal spores. We found that P. volubilis was significantly enriched in 13C compared with the surrounding C3 plants, which suggests the transfer of some C from the surrounding autotrophic plants through shared AM networks. In addition, the intermediate δ15N values of P. volubilis, between those of autotrophic plants and AM fungal spores, provide further evidence for partial mycoheterotrophy in P. volubilis. Although it is often considered that light deficiency selects partial mycoheterotrophy, we show that partial mycoheterotrophy in AM-forming plants can evolve even under light-saturated conditions. The fact that there have been relatively few descriptions of partial mycoheterotrophy in AM plants may not necessarily reflect the rarity of such associations. In conclusion, partial mycoheterotrophy in AM plants may be more common than hitherto believed.

中文翻译:

草原龙胆物种中丛枝菌根作弊的同位素证据。

至少在早期,所有的兰花和吡咯菌都是真菌异养的。由于发芽过程中最初的菌体异养,许多物种甚至在成年期也容易受到菌体异养的营养。尽管其他绿色植物(如龙胆属植物)也产生许多微小的种子,其萌发可能取决于真菌的结合能力,以满足C的需求,但大多数候选类群都缺乏成年期部分真菌异养的生理证据。在这里,我们比较了在高光照强度生境中与AM共生的自养C3和C4植物以及AM真菌孢子共生的AM相关龙胆物种Pterygocalyx volubilis中13C和15N同位素的自然丰度。我们发现,与周围的C3植物相比,P。volubilis在13C中明显富集,这表明通过共享的AM网络从周围自养植物中转移了一些C。此外,自养植物和AM真菌孢子之间的Vol。volubilis的中间δ15N值提供了进一步的证据,证明Vol.uli的部分真菌异养。尽管通常认为光缺乏会选择部分真菌异养性,但我们表明,即使在光饱和条件下,形成AM的植物中部分真菌异养性也可以进化。在AM植物中对部分真菌异养性的描述相对较少的事实不一定反映出这种关联的稀有性。总而言之,AM植物中的部分真菌异养可能比迄今所认为的更为普遍。自养植物和AM真菌孢子之间的Vol。volubilisδ15N中间值,提供了进一步的证据证明Vol.uli的部分真菌异养。尽管通常认为光缺乏会选择部分真菌异养性,但我们证明即使在光饱和条件下,形成AM的植物中部分真菌异养性也可以进化。在AM植物中对部分真菌异养性的描述相对较少的事实不一定反映出这种关联的稀有性。总而言之,AM植物中的部分真菌异养可能比迄今所认为的更为普遍。自养植物和AM真菌孢子之间的Vol。volubilisδ15N中间值,提供了进一步的证据证明Vol.uli的部分真菌异养。尽管通常认为光缺乏会选择部分真菌异养性,但我们证明即使在光饱和条件下,形成AM的植物中部分真菌异养性也可以进化。在AM植物中对部分真菌异养性的描述相对较少的事实不一定反映出这种关联的稀有性。总而言之,AM植物中的部分真菌异养可能比迄今所认为的更为普遍。尽管通常认为光缺乏会选择部分真菌异养性,但我们证明即使在光饱和条件下,形成AM的植物中部分真菌异养性也可以进化。在AM植物中对部分真菌异养性的描述相对较少的事实不一定反映出这种关联的稀有性。总而言之,AM植物中的部分真菌异养可能比迄今所认为的更为普遍。尽管通常认为光缺乏会选择部分真菌异养性,但我们证明即使在光饱和条件下,形成AM的植物中部分真菌异养性也可以进化。在AM植物中对部分真菌异养性的描述相对较少的事实不一定反映出这种关联的稀有性。总而言之,AM植物中的部分真菌异养可能比迄今所认为的更为普遍。
更新日期:2020-04-22
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