San Marzano (SM) is a traditional Italian landrace characterized by red elongated fruits, originating in the province of Naples (Italy) and cultivated worldwide. Three mutations, yellow flesh (r), green flesh (gf) and colorless fruit epidermis (y) were introduced into SM by backcross and the resulting introgression lines (ILs) produced the expected yellow, brown and pink fruit variants. In addition, ILs carrying double combinations of those mutations were obtained. The six ILs plus the SM reference were analyzed for volatile (VOC), non-polar (NP) and polar (P) metabolites. Sixty-eight VOCs were identified, and several differences evidenced in the ILs; overall gf showed epistasis over r and y and r over y. Analysis of the NP component identified 54 metabolites; variation in early carotenoids (up to lycopene) and chlorophylls characterized respectively the ILs containing r and gf. In addition, compounds belonging to the quinone and xanthophyll classes were present in genotypes carrying the r mutation at levels higher than SM. Finally, the analysis of 129 P metabolites evidenced different levels of vitamins, amino acids, lipids and phenylpropanoids in the ILs. A correlation network approach was used to investigate metabolite–metabolite relationships in the mutant lines. Altogether these differences potentially modified the hedonistic and nutritional value of the berry. In summary, single and combined mutations in gf, r and y generated interesting visual and compositional diversity in the SM landrace, while maintaining its original typology.

中文翻译：

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颜色突变改变了圣马扎诺番茄果实的生化成分


圣马扎诺（SM）是一种传统的意大利地方品种，以红色细长果实为特征，原产于那不勒斯（意大利）省，在世界各地种植。通过回交将黄色果肉( r )、绿色果肉( gf ) 和无色果实表皮( y ) 三种突变引入 SM，所得基因渗入系 (IL) 产生预期的黄色、棕色和粉红色果实变体。此外，还获得了携带这些突变的双重组合的IL。分析了六种离子液体和 SM 参考品的挥发性 (VOC)、非极性 (NP) 和极性 (P) 代谢物。鉴定出 68 种 VOC，IL 中存在一些差异；总体gf显示出对r和y以及r对y 的上位性。 NP 成分分析鉴定出 54 种代谢物；早期类胡萝卜素（直到番茄红素）和叶绿素的变化分别表征了含有r和gf的 IL。此外，属于醌和叶黄素类的化合物以高于SM的水平存在于携带r突变的基因型中。最后，129 P代谢物的分析证明了IL中不同水平的维生素、氨基酸、脂质和苯丙素。使用相关网络方法来研究突变系中的代谢物-代谢物关系。总而言之，这些差异可能会改变浆果的享乐价值和营养价值。 总之， gf 、 r和y的单一和组合突变在 SM 地方品种中产生了有趣的视觉和成分多样性，同时保持了其原始类型。