MicroRNAs are small noncoding transcripts that posttranscriptionally regulate gene expression via base-pairing complementarity. Their role in cancer can be related to tumor suppression or oncogenic function. Moreover, they have been linked to processes recognized as hallmarks of cancer, such as apoptosis, invasion, metastasis, and proliferation. Particularly, one of the first oncomiRs found upregulated in a variety of cancers, such as gliomas, breast cancer, and colorectal cancer, was microRNA-21 (miR-21). Some of its target genes associated with cancer are PTEN (phosphatase and tensin homolog), PDCD4 (programmed cell death protein 4), RECK (reversion-inducing cysteine-rich protein with Kazal motifs), and STAT3 (signal transducer activator of transcription 3). As a result, miR-21 has been proposed as a plausible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a therapeutic target for several types of cancer. Currently, research and clinical trials to inhibit miR-21 through anti-miR-21 oligonucleotides and ADM-21 are being conducted. As all of the evidence suggests, miR-21 is involved in carcinogenic processes; therefore, inhibiting it could have effects on more than one type of cancer. However, whether miR-21 can be used as a tissue-specific biomarker should be analyzed with caution. Consequently, the purpose of this review is to outline the available information and recent advances regarding miR-21 as a potential biomarker in the clinical setting and as a therapeutic target in cancer to highlight its importance in the era of precision medicine.

MicroRNA是小的非编码转录物，可通过碱基配对互补性在转录后调节基因表达。它们在癌症中的作用可能与肿瘤抑制或致癌功能有关。此外，它们与被认为是癌症特征的过程有关，例如细胞凋亡，侵袭，转移和增殖。特别是，在多种癌症（例如神经胶质瘤，乳腺癌和结肠直肠癌）中被上调的首批癌基因之一是microRNA-21（miR-21）。它的一些与癌症相关的靶基因是PTEN（磷酸酶和张力蛋白同源物），PDCD4（程序性细胞死亡蛋白4），RECK（具有Kazal基序的诱导还原的富含半胱氨酸的蛋白）和STAT3（信号转导转录激活子3）。 。结果，有人提出将miR-21视为可行的诊断和预后生物标志物，以及多种癌症的治疗目标。当前，正在进行通过抗miR-21寡核苷酸和ADM-21抑制miR-21的研究和临床试验。如所有证据所示，miR-21参与了致癌过程。因此，抑制它可能对多种癌症产生影响。但是，应谨慎分析miR-21是否可以用作组织特异性生物标志物。因此，本综述的目的是概述关于miR-21作为临床环境中潜在的生物标志物以及作为癌症的治疗靶标的可用信息和最新进展，以突出其在精密医学时代的重要性。正在进行通过抗miR-21寡核苷酸和ADM-21抑制miR-21的研究和临床试验。如所有证据所示，miR-21参与了致癌过程。因此，抑制它可能对多种癌症产生影响。但是，应谨慎分析miR-21是否可以用作组织特异性生物标志物。因此，本综述的目的是概述关于miR-21作为临床环境中潜在的生物标志物以及作为癌症的治疗靶标的可用信息和最新进展，以突出其在精密医学时代的重要性。正在进行通过抗miR-21寡核苷酸和ADM-21抑制miR-21的研究和临床试验。如所有证据所示，miR-21参与了致癌过程。因此，抑制它可能对多种癌症产生影响。但是，应谨慎分析miR-21是否可以用作组织特异性生物标志物。因此，本综述的目的是概述关于miR-21作为临床环境中潜在的生物标志物以及作为癌症的治疗靶标的可用信息和最新进展，以突出其在精密医学时代的重要性。应谨慎分析miR-21是否可以用作组织特异性生物标志物。因此，本综述的目的是概述关于miR-21作为临床环境中潜在的生物标志物以及作为癌症的治疗靶标的可用信息和最新进展，以突出其在精密医学时代的重要性。应谨慎分析miR-21是否可用作组织特异性生物标志物。因此，本综述的目的是概述关于miR-21作为临床环境中潜在的生物标志物以及作为癌症的治疗靶标的可用信息和最新进展，以突出其在精密医学时代的重要性。