A pre-formed catalyst Pd²⁺/PANI composite for C-C coupling reaction was synthesized by combining the self-stabilized dispersion polymerization method with the in-situ composite material. Experiments have confirmed that the relatively high reduced structure (75%) in the polyaniline carrier is more favorable for the coupling reaction. Raman spectroscopy, solid nuclear magnetic, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were performed to characterize the structures. The pre-formed catalyst has uniform coordination of divalent palladium and nitrogen in different valence states of the carrier polyaniline, which shows a good synergistic effect in the catalytic Ullmann reaction, and greatly reduces the use of reducing agents such as hydrazine hydrate. Compared with other studies, we analyzed the catalytic reaction mechanism in detail through real-time online infrared and XPS characterization. The results show that the divalent palladium in the catalyst and the zero-valent palladium generated by the in-situ reaction synergistically promote the reaction, while the polyaniline support acts as a stabilizer and dispersant, which prevents the agglomeration of the metal particles and prolongs increased catalyst life. The prepared Pd²⁺/PANI composites will become the most attractive alternative to traditional organic materials due to their wide applicability, high catalytic activity, stable recycling and relatively low price. This work provides a new theoretical basis for the understanding of the essential driving force of PANI catalytic activity and the cognition of the micro mechanism of action.

预制催化剂Pd ²⁺通过将自稳定分散聚合方法与原位复合材料相结合，合成了用于CC偶联反应的/ PANI复合材料。实验已经证实，聚苯胺载体中较高的还原结构（75％）更有利于偶联反应。拉曼光谱，固体核磁和X射线光电子能谱进行了表征结构。预先形成的催化剂在载体聚苯胺的不同价态下具有均匀的二价钯和氮配位，在催化乌尔曼反应中显示出良好的协同作用，并大大减少了水合肼等还原剂的使用。与其他研究相比，我们通过实时在线红外和XPS表征详细分析了催化反应机理。结果表明，催化剂中的二价钯与原位反应生成的零价钯协同促进了反应，而聚苯胺载体起稳定剂和分散剂的作用，防止了金属颗粒的团聚并延长了寿命。催化剂寿命。准备好的钯²⁺ / PANI复合材料由于具有广泛的适用性，高催化活性，稳定的循环利用和相对较低的价格，将成为传统有机材料的最有吸引力的替代品。这项工作为理解PANI催化活性的基本驱动力和认识微观作用机理提供了新的理论基础。