Antibiotic abuse and the resulting resistance to antibiotics are serious problems faced by the world. Methods for fast and precise detection of bacterial infections are in urgent need. Here, we report a sensitive and selective probe for diagnosis and treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infection. The probe is made of self-assembling short peptide as the skeleton, a luminogen with aggregation-induced emission (AIEgen) as the responsive fluorescence turn-on motif and vancomycin as the targeting group. In vitro assembly of the probe can turn on its fluorescence and simultaneously enhance reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. The probe shows great selectivity and sensitivity to Gram-positive bacteria detection in vitro by targeted self-assembly on bacterial surface. In vivo imaging studies of a myositis-bearing BALB/c nude mice model indicate that the probe is suitable for diagnosis and treatment of Gram-positive bacterial infection. The integration of AIEgen and self-assembling peptides represents a potential strategy for disease diagnosis and treatment.

滥用抗生素以及由此产生的对抗生素的抗性是世界面临的严重问题。迫切需要快速准确地检测细菌感染的方法。在这里，我们报告了一种用于诊断和治疗革兰氏阳性细菌感染的灵敏且选择性的探针。该探针由自组装的短肽作为骨架，具有聚集诱导发射（AIEgen）的发光源作为响应性荧光开启基序，以万古霉素为靶基组成。探针的体外组装可以打开其荧光，同时增强活性氧（ROS）的生成。该探针显示出对革兰氏阳性细菌的体外选择性和敏感性，这是通过在细菌表面上进行靶向自组装而实现的。携带肌炎的BALB / c裸鼠模型的体内成像研究表明，该探针适用于革兰氏阳性细菌感染的诊断和治疗。AIEgen和自组装肽的整合代表了疾病诊断和治疗的潜在策略。