Both depression and substance use problems have their highest incidence during youth (i.e., adolescence and emerging adulthood), and are characterized by emotion regulation deficits. Influential neurodevelopmental theories suggest that alterations in the function of limbic and frontal regions render youth susceptible to these deficits. However, whether depression and substance use in youth are associated with similar alterations in emotion regulation neural circuitry is unknown. In this systematic review we synthesized the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies investigating the neural correlates of emotion regulation in youth depression and substance use. Resting-state fMRI studies focusing on limbic connectivity were also reviewed. While findings were largely inconsistent within and between studies of depression and substance use, some patterns emerged. First, youth depression appears to be associated with exaggerated amygdala activity in response to negative stimuli; second, both depression and substance use appear to be associated with lower functional connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex during rest. Findings are discussed in relation to support for existing neurodevelopmental models, and avenues for future work are suggested, including studying neurodevelopmental trajectories from a network perspective.

抑郁和药物滥用问题在青年时期（即青春期和成年期）发病率最高，其特征在于情绪调节缺陷。有影响力的神经发育理论表明，边缘和额叶区域功能的改变使青少年容易受到这些缺陷的影响。但是，尚不清楚青年时期的抑郁和药物滥用是否与情绪调节神经回路的类似变化有关。在这项系统的综述中，我们综合了功能磁共振成像（fMRI）研究的结果，该研究调查了青年抑郁症和药物滥用中情绪调节的神经相关性。还回顾了以边缘连​​接为重点的静止状态功能磁共振成像研究。虽然在抑郁症和药物滥用的研究之内和之间的发现基本不一致，但还是出现了一些模式。首先，青年抑郁症似乎与对负刺激的杏仁核活动过度有关。第二，抑郁和药物滥用似乎与休息期间杏仁核和前额叶皮层之间较低的功能连通性有关。讨论了有关支持现有神经发育模型的发现，并提出了未来工作的途径，包括从网络角度研究神经发育轨迹。抑郁和药物滥用似乎与休息期间杏仁核和前额叶皮层之间较低的功能连通性有关。讨论了有关支持现有神经发育模型的发现，并提出了未来工作的途径，包括从网络角度研究神经发育轨迹。在休息期间，抑郁症和药物滥用似乎都与杏仁核和前额叶皮层之间较低的功能连通性有关。讨论了有关支持现有神经发育模型的发现，并提出了未来工作的途径，包括从网络角度研究神经发育轨迹。