Abstract Hemodialysis (HD) therapy is of vital importance for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD), when there is no donor organ available for transplantation to replace their malfunctioning kidneys. In contrast to healthy kidneys which work continuously and remove a broad range of toxins, during HD, patients’ blood is cleansed three times a week for 4 h and not all uremic toxins are removed. For achieving long-term and/or continuous therapies, including wearable artificial kidneys, one requires membranes with long-term blood compatibility and high fouling resistance. Most membranes currently used in the clinic are made by blending of hydrophobic polymers, such as polysulfone (PSu) or polyethersulfone (PES), with hydrophilic additives, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Studies however, have shown that PVP could leach out from the membranes, especially during prolonged therapy leading to membrane fouling and/or complications to patients. Here, we develop hollow fibers with no additive leaching, by blending PES with small amounts of SlipSkin™ (SS). The latter, a random copolymer consisting of N-vinylpyrrolidone (NVP) and N-butylmethacrylate (BMA), has very good blood compatibility. The developed fibers can achieve high removal of a range of uremic toxins (creatinine and protein-bound uremic toxins) combined with excellent fouling resistance.

中文翻译：

---

基于聚醚砜-SlipSkinTM 聚合物混合物的用于长期血液透析的中空纤维膜

摘要 血液透析 (HD) 治疗对于终末期肾病 (ESRD) 患者至关重要，因为此时没有供体器官可用于移植以替代其功能障碍的肾脏。与连续工作并清除多种毒素的健康肾脏不同，在 HD 期间，患者的血液每周清洗 3 次，持续 4 小时，并且并非所有的尿毒症毒素都被清除。为了实现长期和/或连续治疗，包括可穿戴人工肾脏，人们需要具有长期血液相容性和高抗污染性的膜。目前临床上使用的大多数膜是通过将疏水性聚合物（例如聚砜 (PSu) 或聚醚砜 (PES)）与亲水性添加剂（例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 (PVP)）混合制成的。然而研究，已经表明 PVP 可以从膜中渗出，尤其是在长期治疗期间，导致膜污染和/或患者并发症。在这里，我们通过将 PES 与少量 SlipSkin™ (SS) 混合来开发无添加剂浸出的中空纤维。后者是一种由 N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 (NVP) 和甲基丙烯酸正丁酯 (BMA) 组成的无规共聚物，具有非常好的血液相容性。开发的纤维可以实现对一系列尿毒症毒素（肌酐和蛋白质结合的尿毒症毒素）的高去除率，并具有出色的抗污染性。由 N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 (NVP) 和甲基丙烯酸正丁酯 (BMA) 组成的无规共聚物，具有非常好的血液相容性。开发的纤维可以实现对一系列尿毒症毒素（肌酸酐和蛋白质结合的尿毒症毒素）的高去除率，并具有出色的抗污染性。由 N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮 (NVP) 和甲基丙烯酸正丁酯 (BMA) 组成的无规共聚物，具有非常好的血液相容性。开发的纤维可以实现对一系列尿毒症毒素（肌酸酐和蛋白质结合的尿毒症毒素）的高去除率，并具有出色的抗污染性。