Abstract The bioaccessibility of β-carotene when administered in nanoparticles together with a lipid or when the lipid is administered separately (excipient) was investigated using an in vitro digestion model. The excipient oil was either in bulk form or in nano-emulsions. β-carotene loaded oil-free nanoparticles (NP) and oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NE) were fabricated using three different proteins (SPI, WPI or SC). Nanoemulsions without β-carotene and bulk oil containing the same quantity of lipids were mixed with NPs to study the effect of the form of the oil as excipient (NP + NE and NP + oil). Size distribution, changes in particle size and ζ-potential were determined as a function of time during simulated gastro-intestinal incubation. The addition of oil promoted the bioaccessibility of NPs, and dispersed nano-emulsions (NP + NE) was more effective than bulk oil (NP + oil). The lipolysis rate of the small dispersed oil droplets was higher and more micelles that attracted β-carotene were formed for NP + NE. However, the bioaccessibility for NP + NE was lower than β-carotene containing emulsions (NE group), probably due to the steric inhibition of lipolysis by more protein digestive products of the NP + NE group. This study suggests that the presence of lipids either in bulk or nano-emulsified form would increase the bioaccessibility of lipophilic nutrients in an oil-free nanoparticle.

中文翻译：

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共存油和赋形剂油对负载β-胡萝卜素的无油纳米颗粒生物可及性的影响

摘要 使用体外消化模型研究了 β-胡萝卜素在与脂质一起以纳米颗粒形式给药或脂质单独给药（赋形剂）时的生物可及性。赋形剂油为散装形式或纳米乳液。使用三种不同的蛋白质（SPI、WPI 或 SC）制造了负载 β-胡萝卜素的无油纳米颗粒 (NP) 和水包油纳米乳液 (NE)。将不含 β-胡萝卜素的纳米乳液和含有等量脂质的散装油与 NP 混合，以研究作为赋形剂的油形式（NP + NE 和 NP + 油）的影响。尺寸分布、粒度变化和 ζ 电位被确定为模拟胃肠培养过程中时间的函数。油的添加促进了 NPs 的生物可及性，分散的纳米乳液 (NP + NE) 比散装油 (NP + 油) 更有效。分散的小油滴的脂解率更高，并且为 NP + NE 形成了更多吸引 β-胡萝卜素的胶束。然而，NP + NE 的生物可及性低于含 β-胡萝卜素的乳液（NE 组），这可能是由于 NP + NE 组的更多蛋白质消化产物对脂肪分解的空间抑制。该研究表明，大量或纳米乳化形式的脂质的存在将增加无油纳米颗粒中亲脂性营养素的生物可及性。NP + NE 的生物可及性低于含 β-胡萝卜素的乳液（NE 组），这可能是由于 NP + NE 组的更多蛋白质消化产物对脂肪分解的空间抑制。该研究表明，大量或纳米乳化形式的脂质的存在将增加无油纳米颗粒中亲脂性营养素的生物可及性。NP + NE 的生物可及性低于含 β-胡萝卜素的乳液（NE 组），这可能是由于 NP + NE 组的更多蛋白质消化产物对脂肪分解的空间抑制。该研究表明，大量或纳米乳化形式的脂质的存在将增加无油纳米颗粒中亲脂性营养素的生物可及性。