Abstract Landfast ice is an important component of the Antarctic sea ice regime. It affects the Antarctic climate and ecological system. In this study, the first high-resolution, long time series of the landfast ice edge from 2006 to 2011 and 2016 to 2017 is presented. The dataset was produced based on the improved net gradient difference algorithm using 2470 SAR scenes from ENVISAT and Sentinel-1A/B as well as manual analysis of MODIS imagery to fill in SAR data gaps. The study results show that the landfast ice area in November for all studied years was approximately 49.49 ± 3.25 × 104 km2, accounting for about 3%–4% of the total Antarctic sea ice area. The maximum area was 55.70 × 104 km2 in November 2007, compared to the minimum area 44.01 × 104 km2 in 2011. The area in West Antarctica was about 40% of that in East Antarctica. The distribution of landfast ice in Antarctica has significant regional differences. The extent in the Indian Ocean sector is the maximum with a mean value of 16.49 ± 1.1 × 104 km2; however, the ratio of the landfast ice area to the sea ice area in the Pacific Ocean sector is the highest. Twenty-four landfast ice zones with groups of small, grounded icebergs were identified, most of which were located in East Antarctica, particularly along the Wilkes Land and Oates Land. Two cases are presented to illustrate how giant, grounded icebergs affected landfast ice. Results from this study are well suited to underpin the Antarctic climate or ecological system studies.

中文翻译：

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2006-2011 年和 2016-2017 年南极洲固陆冰的时空格局，使用高分辨率 SAR 图像

摘要 Landfast 冰是南极海冰状况的重要组成部分。它影响南极的气候和生态系统。在这项研究中，提出了 2006 年至 2011 年和 2016 年至 2017 年陆地冰缘的第一个高分辨率、长时间序列。该数据集是基于改进的净梯度差分算法生成的，使用来自 ENVISAT 和 Sentinel-1A/B 的 2470 个 SAR 场景以及手动分析 MODIS 图像以填补 SAR 数据空白。研究结果表明，所有研究年份11月的陆冰面积约为49.49±3.25×104平方公里，约占南极海冰总面积的3%~4%。2007 年 11 月最大面积为 55.70 × 104 km2，而 2011 年最小面积为 44.01 × 104 km2。南极西部的面积约为南极东部的 40%。南极洲陆上冰的分布具有显着的区域差异。印度洋海域范围最大，平均值为 16.49 ± 1.1 × 104 km2；然而，太平洋地区的陆地冰区与海冰区的比例是最高的。确定了 24 个具有小型接地冰山群的陆上冰区，其中大部分位于南极洲东部，特别是威尔克斯地和奥茨地沿线。提出了两个案例来说明巨大的接地冰山如何影响陆地冰。这项研究的结果非常适合支持南极气候或生态系统研究。太平洋地区的陆冰面积与海冰面积之比最高。确定了 24 个具有小型接地冰山群的陆上冰区，其中大部分位于南极洲东部，特别是威尔克斯地和奥茨地沿线。提出了两个案例来说明巨大的接地冰山如何影响陆地冰。这项研究的结果非常适合支持南极气候或生态系统研究。太平洋地区的陆冰面积与海冰面积之比最高。确定了 24 个具有小型接地冰山群的陆上冰区，其中大部分位于南极洲东部，特别是威尔克斯地和奥茨地沿线。提出了两个案例来说明巨大的接地冰山如何影响陆地冰。这项研究的结果非常适合支持南极气候或生态系统研究。