Abstract No herbicide with a new molecular site of action (SOA) has been introduced since the 1980s. Since then, the widespread evolution of resistance of weeds to most commercial herbicides has greatly increased the need for herbicides with new SOAs. Two untried strategies for the discovery on new herbicide SOAs are discussed. Some primary metabolism intermediates are phytotoxic (e.g., protoporphyrin IX and sphingoid bases), and, because of this, the in vivo concentrations of these compounds are maintained at very low levels by plants. The determination of all primary metabolite phytotoxicities and pool sizes will identify targets of interest. Targeting SOAs that result in accumulation of phytotoxic compounds is the first novel approach to herbicide discovery. The second approach is to identify potential SOAs with very low in vivo enzyme levels. We know that higher numbers of enzyme molecules for a SOA requires more herbicide to kill a plant. Modern proteomic methods can identify low enzyme level SOAs for biorational herbicide discovery. These approaches might be useful in discovery of herbicides more closely related to natural compounds and that can be used in lower doses.

中文翻译：

---

通过量化植物初级代谢物和酶库发现新的除草剂作用位点

摘要 自 1980 年代以来，没有引入具有新分子作用位点 (SOA) 的除草剂。从那时起，杂草对大多数商业除草剂的抗性的广泛演变大大增加了对含有新 SOA 的除草剂的需求。讨论了发现新除草剂 SOA 的两种未尝试策略。一些初级代谢中间体具有植物毒性（例如原卟啉 IX 和鞘氨醇碱），因此，植物将这些化合物的体内浓度保持在非常低的水平。确定所有主要代谢物的植物毒性和池大小将确定感兴趣的目标。针对导致植物毒性化合物积累的 SOA 是发现除草剂的第一种新方法。第二种方法是识别体内酶水平非常低的潜在 SOA。我们知道，SOA 的酶分子数量越多，就需要越多的除草剂来杀死植物。现代蛋白质组学方法可以识别低酶水平的 SOA，用于生物合理的除草剂发现。这些方法可能有助于发现与天然化合物更密切相关并且可以以较低剂量使用的除草剂。