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Effect of alcohol use on the adolescent brain and behavior.
Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior ( IF 3.6 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-13 , DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.172906
Briana Lees 1 , Lindsay R Meredith 2 , Anna E Kirkland 3 , Brittany E Bryant 4 , Lindsay M Squeglia 4
Affiliation  

Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable neurodevelopmental period marked by high rates of engagement with risky alcohol use. This review summarizes the cognitive and neural consequences following alcohol use during adolescence from longitudinal design studies in humans and animals. Findings from human adolescent studies suggest that binge drinking and heavy alcohol use is associated with poorer cognitive functioning on a broad range of neuropsychological assessments, including learning, memory, visuospatial functioning, psychomotor speed, attention, executive functioning, and impulsivity. Alcohol use during adolescence is associated with accelerated decreases in gray matter and attenuated increases in white matter volume, and aberrant neural activity during executive functioning, attentional control, and reward sensitivity tasks, when compared to non-drinking adolescents. Animal studies in rodents and non-human primates have replicated human findings, and suggest cognitive and neural consequences of adolescent alcohol use may persist into adulthood. Novel rodent studies demonstrate that adolescent alcohol use may increase reward responsiveness of the dopamine system to alcohol later in life, as well as disrupt adolescent neurogenesis, potentially through neuroinflammation, with long-lasting neural and behavioral effects into adulthood. Larger longitudinal human cognitive and neuroimaging studies with more diverse samples are currently underway which will improve understanding of the impact of polysubstance use, as well as the interactive effects of substance use, physical and mental health, and demographic factors on cognition and neurodevelopment.



中文翻译:

饮酒对青少年大脑和行为的影响。

青春期是一个特别脆弱的神经发育时期,其特征是高风险饮酒的参与率。这篇综述总结了人类和动物的纵向设计研究表明青春期饮酒后的认知和神经后果。在青少年研究中的发现表明,在广泛的神经心理学评估中,酗酒和大量饮酒与较差的认知功能有关,包括学习,记忆,视觉空间功能,心理运动速度,注意力,执行功能和冲动性。青春期饮酒会导致灰质加速下降,白质下降,并且在执行功能,注意力控制和奖励敏感性任务中神经活动异常,与不喝酒的青少年相比。在啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物中进行的动物研究复制了人类的发现,并表明青少年饮酒的认知和神经后果可能持续到成年期。新颖的啮齿动物研究表明,青春期饮酒可能会增加多巴胺系统对晚年饮酒的奖励反应能力,并可能通过神经发炎破坏青春期的神经发生,并对成年期产生长期的神经和行为影响。目前正在进行较大范围的纵向人类认知和神经影像学研究,其样本更多,这将增进人们对多物质使用的影响以及物质使用,身心健康以及人口统计学对认知和神经发育的相互作用的了解。在啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物中进行的动物研究复制了人类的发现,并表明青少年饮酒的认知和神经后果可能持续到成年期。新颖的啮齿动物研究表明,青春期饮酒可能会增加多巴胺系统对晚年饮酒的奖励反应能力,并可能通过神经发炎破坏青春期的神经发生,并对成年期产生长期的神经和行为影响。目前正在进行较大范围的纵向人类认知和神经影像学研究,其样本更多,这将增进人们对多物质使用的影响以及物质使用,身心健康以及人口统计学对认知和神经发育的相互作用的了解。在啮齿动物和非人类灵长类动物中进行的动物研究复制了人类的发现,并表明青少年饮酒的认知和神经后果可能持续到成年期。新颖的啮齿动物研究表明,青春期饮酒可能会增加多巴胺系统对晚年饮酒的奖励反应能力,并可能通过神经发炎破坏青春期的神经发生,并对成年期产生长期的神经和行为影响。目前正在进行较大范围的纵向人类认知和神经影像学研究,其样本更多,这将增进人们对多物质使用的影响以及物质使用,身心健康以及人口统计学对认知和神经发育的相互作用的了解。

更新日期:2020-03-13
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