Bacterial adhesion and colonization on material surfaces have attracted great attention due to their potential threat to human health. Combining bactericidal and antifouling functions has been confirmed as an optimal strategy to prevent microbial infection. In this work, biodegradable electrospun polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers were chosen due to its high specific area and abundant reactive hydroxyl groups. A quaternary ammonium salt (IQAS) and zwitterionic sulfopropylbetaine (ISB), both containing isocyanate (NCO) groups, were chemically bonded to the PVA nanofiber surface via a coupling reaction between the OH groups of the PVA nanofibers and the NCO groups of IQAS or ISB. The results indicated that the antimicrobial rates of PVA nanofibers modified by IQAS (0.5%) reached 99.9% against both gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus, ATCC 6538) and gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli, ATCC 25922). Additionally, the live/dead staining and cytotoxicity test indicated that the dual functional IQAS/ISB/PVA nanofibers exhibited excellent bactericidal and antifouling activities with low cytotoxicity. This work may provide practical guidelines to fabricate bactericidal and antifouling materials for healthcare applications, including but not limited to wound dressings, textile, food packaging and air filtration.

由于其对人体健康的潜在威胁，细菌在材料表面的粘附和定居已引起了极大的关注。结合杀菌和防污功能已被确认为预防微生物感染的最佳策略。在这项工作中，由于其高比表面积和丰富的反应性羟基，选择了可生物降解的电纺聚乙烯醇（PVA）纳米纤维。均含有异氰酸酯（NCO）基团的季铵盐（IQAS）和两性离子磺基丙基甜菜碱（ISB）通过PVA纳米纤维的OH基团与IQAS或ISB的NCO基团之间的偶联反应化学键合到PVA纳米纤维表面。结果表明，经IQAS改性的PVA纳米纤维对两种革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌率为0.5％，达到99.9％。金黄色葡萄球菌（金黄色葡萄球菌，ATCC 6538）和革兰氏阴性大肠杆菌（大肠杆菌，ATCC 25922）。此外，活/死染色和细胞毒性测试表明，双重功能的IQAS / ISB / PVA纳米纤维表现出优异的杀菌和防污活性，且细胞毒性低。这项工作可以为制造用于医疗保健领域的杀菌和防污材料提供实用指南，包括但不限于伤口敷料，纺织品，食品包装和空气过滤。