Abstract Due to their desired physical properties as viscoelastic materials, polymers have attracted the attention of various industrial engineering systems. Accurate examination and measurement of physical properties of polymers is a key step required for their full-scale adoption and integration in industrial settings. Simulation studies, provide a relatively inexpensive and valuable analytical framework for analyzing the physical properties of such systems. Generalized Maxwell Model (GMM) is the standard analytical model used for analyzing viscoelastic materials. The viscoelastic constitutive parameters of the GMM are usually inferred by fitting the model to the master curve obtained from Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) tests. However, since conventional DMA tests are limited to low-frequency measurements, Williams, Landel and Ferry (WLF) relation is used to predict the high-frequency properties from the tests done at low frequencies. Known limitations and imprecisions of this indirect measurement method result in inaccurate inference of viscoelastic constitutive parameters in the GMM fitting procedure. In the current study, data obtained from a new high-frequency DMA (HFDMA), capable of performing tests at frequencies between 100–7000 Hz, is used to fit GMM equations through numerical optimization techniques. The new HFDMA operates the simple shear test for a double-sandwich specimen, directly at high-frequencies and therefor doesn't suffer from inaccuracies caused by the indirect measurements. The storage moduli, loss moduli and damping factor of Styrene-Butadiene Rubber (SBR) and carbon-black filled SBR (SBR-CB) at the frequency range of 100Hz−5 kHz are measured using the new HFDMA, and compared with the results of a conventional DMA to demonstrate the difference between the direct and indirect measurement methods. It is shown that the direct measurement method is 5%−7% more accurate than the indirect measurement method, at least for the SBR and SBR-CB. Finally, new GMM viscoelastic constitutive parameters for SBR and SBR-CB are presented.

中文翻译：

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使用直接高频 DMA 测量系统对 SBR 和充碳 SBR 的广义麦克斯韦模型进行参数估计

摘要 由于聚合物具有作为粘弹性材料所需的物理特性，因此引起了各种工业工程系统的关注。聚合物物理特性的准确检查和测量是其在工业环境中全面采用和集成所需的关键步骤。模拟研究为分析此类系统的物理特性提供了相对便宜且有价值的分析框架。广义麦克斯韦模型 (GMM) 是用于分析粘弹性材料的标准分析模型。GMM 的粘弹性本构参数通常通过将模型拟合到从动态机械分析 (DMA) 测试获得的主曲线来推断。然而，由于传统的 DMA 测试仅限于低频测量，威廉姆斯，Landel and Ferry (WLF) 关系用于从低频测试中预测高频特性。这种间接测量方法的已知局限性和不精确性导致 GMM 拟合程序中粘弹性本构参数的推断不准确。在当前的研究中，从能够在 100-7000 Hz 之间进行测试的新型高频 DMA (HFDMA) 获得的数据用于通过数值优化技术拟合 GMM 方程。新的 HFDMA 直接在高频下对双夹层试样进行简单的剪切测试，因此不会受到间接测量导致的不准确的影响。存储模块，使用新的 HFDMA 测量丁苯橡胶 (SBR) 和炭黑填充 SBR (SBR-CB) 在 100Hz-5 kHz 频率范围内的损耗模量和阻尼因子，并与传统 DMA 的结果进行比较演示直接和间接测量方法之间的差异。结果表明，直接测量方法的准确度比间接测量方法高 5%-7%，至少对于 SBR 和 SBR-CB。最后，提出了 SBR 和 SBR-CB 的新 GMM 粘弹性本构参数。