Bisphenol-A (BPA) has been reported to be associated to female infertility. Indeed, BPA has been found to be more frequently detected in infertile women thus leading to hypothesize a possible effect of BPA on natural conception and spontaneous fecundity. In addition, in procedures of medically assisted reproduction BPA exposure has been found to be negatively associated with peak serum estradiol levels during gonadotropin stimulation, number of retrieved oocytes, number of normally fertilized oocytes and implantation. BPA deleterious effects are more critical during perinatal exposure, causing dysregulation of hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in pups and adults, with a precocious maturation of the axis through a damage of GnRH pulsatility, gonadotropin signaling and sex steroid hormone production. Further, BPA exposure during early lifestage may have a transgenerational effect predisposing the subsequent generations to the risk of developing BPA related disease. Experimental studies suggested that prenatal, perinatal and postnatal exposure to BPA can impair several steps of ovarian development, induce ovarian morphology rearrangement and impair ovarian function, particularly folliculogenesis, as well as can impair uterus morphology and function, in female adult animal and offspring. Finally, studies carried out in animal models have been reported the occurrence of endometriosis-like lesions after BPA exposure. Moreover, BPA exposure has been described to encourage the genesis of PCOS-like abnormalities through the impairment of the secretion of sex hormones affecting ovarian morphology and functions, particularly folliculogenesis. The current manuscript summarizes the evidence regarding the association between BPA exposure and female infertility, reviewing both clinical and preclinical studies.

中文翻译：

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双酚A：对女性生育的新威胁

据报道双酚A（BPA）与女性不育有关。实际上，已发现在不育妇女中更频繁地检测到BPA，因此导致推测BPA对自然受孕和自发生殖能力的可能影响。另外，在医学辅助生殖的程序中，发现BPA暴露与促性腺激素刺激过程中的血清雌二醇峰值水平，回收的卵母细胞数量，正常受精的卵母细胞数量和植入呈负相关。在围产期暴露期间，BPA的有害作用更为严重，会引起幼崽和成年人下丘脑-垂体-卵巢轴失调，并通过损害GnRH搏动性，促性腺激素信号传导和性类固醇激素产生而使轴早熟。进一步，在生命的早期阶段接触BPA可能具有跨代效应，使后代容易患上与BPA相关的疾病。实验研究表明，在成年雌性和后代中，产前，围产期和产后BPA暴露可损害卵巢发育的多个步骤，诱发卵巢形态重排并损害卵巢功能（尤其是卵泡形成），并损害子宫形态和功能。最后，在动物模型中进行的研究已经报道了BPA暴露后子宫内膜异位样病变的发生。而且，已经描述了BPA暴露通过损害影响卵巢形态和功能特别是卵泡形成的性激素的分泌来促进PCOS样异常的发生。