The role of the human microbiome in human health and disease has been studied in various body sites. However, compared to the gut microbiome, where most of the research focus is, the salivary microbiome still bears a vast amount of information that needs to be revealed. This study aims to characterize the salivary microbiome composition in the Qatari population, and to explore specific microbial signatures that can be associated with various lifestyles and different oral conditions. We characterized the salivary microbiome of 997 Qatari adults using high-throughput sequencing of the V1–V3 region of the 16S rRNA gene. In this study, we have characterized the salivary microbiome of 997 Qatari participants. Our data show that Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria are the common phyla isolated from the saliva samples, with Bacteroidetes being the most predominant phylum. Bacteroidetes was also more predominant in males versus females in the study cohort, although differences in the microbial diversity were not statistically significant. We also show that, a lower diversity of the salivary microbiome is observed in the elderly participants, with Prevotella and Treponema being the most significant genera. In participants with oral conditions such as mouth ulcers, bleeding or painful gum, our data show that Prevotella and Capnocytophaga are the most dominant genera as compared to the controls. Similar patterns were observed in participants with various smoking habits as compared to the non-smoking participants. Our data show that Streptococcus and Neisseria are more dominant among denture users, as compared to the non-denture users. Our data also show that, abnormal oral conditions are associated with a reduced microbial diversity and microbial richness. Moreover, in this study we show that frequent coffee drinkers have higher microbial diversity compared to the non-drinkers, indicating that coffee may cause changes to the salivary microbiome. Furthermore, tea drinkers show higher microbial richness as compared to the non-tea drinkers. This is the first study to assess the salivary microbiome in an Arab population, and one of the largest population-based studies aiming to the characterize the salivary microbiome composition and its association with age, oral health, denture use, smoking and coffee-tea consumption.

中文翻译：

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对卡塔尔人群的唾液微生物组进行分析。

已经在各种身体部位研究了人类微生物组在人类健康和疾病中的作用。但是，与肠道微生物组相比，大多数研究重点是肠道微生物组，而唾液微生物组仍具有大量需要揭示的信息。这项研究旨在表征卡塔尔族人群唾液微生物组的组成，并探索与各种生活方式和不同口腔状况相关的特定微生物特征。我们使用16S rRNA基因V1-V3区的高通量测序对997名卡塔尔成年人的唾液微生物组进行了表征。在这项研究中，我们表征了997名卡塔尔参与者的唾液微生物组。我们的数据表明，拟杆菌，菌毛，放线菌和变形杆菌是从唾液样本中分离出的常见菌群，拟杆菌属是最主要的门。在研究队列中，尽管细菌多样性差异在统计学上没有显着性，但在研究队列中，男性中的拟杆菌属也比女性更占优势。我们还表明，在老年参与者中观察到唾液微生物组的多样性较低，其中普雷沃氏菌和梅毒螺旋体是最重要的属。在患有口腔疾病（如口腔溃疡，出血或牙龈疼痛）的受试者中，我们的数据表明，与对照组相比，普氏杆菌和Capnocytophaga是最主要的属。与不吸烟的参与者相比，在具有各种吸烟习惯的参与者中观察到了相似的模式。我们的数据显示，与非假牙使用者相比，链球菌和奈瑟菌在假牙使用者中占主导地位。我们的数据还表明，口腔状况异常与微生物多样性降低和微生物丰富度有关。此外，在这项研究中，我们显示经常喝咖啡的人与不喝咖啡的人相比，具有更高的微生物多样性，这表明咖啡可能会导致唾液微生物组发生变化。此外，与不喝茶的人相比，喝茶的人微生物含量更高。这是第一项评估阿拉伯人群唾液微生物组的研究，也是最大的基于人群的研究之一，旨在表征唾液微生物组的组成及其与年龄，口腔健康，义齿使用，吸烟和咖啡茶消费的关系。在这项研究中，我们发现经常喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人具有更高的微生物多样性，这表明咖啡可能会导致唾液微生物组发生变化。此外，与不喝茶的人相比，喝茶的人微生物含量更高。这是第一项评估阿拉伯人群唾液微生物组的研究，也是最大的基于人群的研究之一，旨在表征唾液微生物组的组成及其与年龄，口腔健康，义齿使用，吸烟和咖啡茶消费的关系。在这项研究中，我们发现经常喝咖啡的人比不喝咖啡的人具有更高的微生物多样性，这表明咖啡可能会导致唾液微生物组发生变化。此外，与不喝茶的人相比，喝茶的人微生物含量更高。这是第一项评估阿拉伯人群唾液微生物组的研究，也是最大的基于人群的研究之一，旨在表征唾液微生物组的组成及其与年龄，口腔健康，义齿使用，吸烟和咖啡茶消费的关系。