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Photochemical Transformations of Carbon Dots in Aqueous Environments.
Environmental Science & Technology ( IF 10.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-24 , DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.9b07437
Benjamin P Frank 1 , Leslie R Sigmon 1 , Alyssa R Deline 1 , Ronald S Lankone 1 , Miranda J Gallagher 1 , Bo Zhi 2 , Christy L Haynes 2 , D Howard Fairbrother 1
Affiliation  

The unique physicochemical and luminescent properties of carbon dots (CDs) have motivated research efforts toward their incorporation into commercial products. Increased use of CDs will inevitably lead to their release into the environment where their fate and persistence will be influenced by photochemical transformations, the nature of which is poorly understood. This knowledge gap motivated the present investigation of the effects of direct and indirect photolysis on citric and malic acid–based CDs. Our results indicate that natural sunlight will rapidly and non-destructively photobleach CDs into optically inactive carbon nanoparticles. We demonstrate that after photobleaching, OH exposure degrades CDs in a two-step process that will span several decades in natural waters. The first step, occurring over several years of OH exposure, involves depolymerization of the CD structure, characterized by volatilization of over 60% of nascent carbon atoms and the oxidation of nitrogen atoms into nitro groups. This is followed by a slower oxidation of residual carbon atoms first into carboxylic acids and then volatile carbon species, while nitrogen atoms are oxidized into nitrate ions. Considered alongside related CD studies, our findings suggest that the environmental behavior of CDs will be strongly influenced by the molecular precursors used in their synthesis.

中文翻译:

在水环境中碳点的光化学转化。

碳点(CD)的独特物理化学和发光特性激发了将其纳入商业产品的研究努力。CD的更多使用将不可避免地导致将其释放到环境中,其命运和持久性将受到光化学转化的影响,光化学转化的性质人们对其了解甚少。这种知识的差距促使人们对基于柠檬酸和苹果酸的CD进行直接和间接光解作用的研究进行了研究。我们的结果表明,自然光将迅速且无损地将CD漂白成光学惰性的碳纳米颗粒。我们证明光漂白后,OH暴露会通过两步过程降解CD,在自然水中会持续数十年。第一步经历了几年的OH暴露涉及CD结构的解聚,其特征在于60%以上的新生碳原子挥发,并将氮原子氧化为硝基。接下来是将残留碳原子先缓慢氧化为羧酸,然后再氧化为挥发性碳,同时将氮原子氧化为硝酸根离子。与相关的CD研究一起考虑,我们的发现表明CD的环境行为将受到合成中使用的分子前体的强烈影响。
更新日期:2020-03-24
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