Amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is a prodromal stage of Alzheimer’s disease that is characterized by impairments in episodic memory. Recent evidence has shown that inhibitory control is also impaired in aMCI. The aim of the present meta-analysis was to quantify inhibitory control ability in individuals with aMCI by examining performance across a range of well-defined inhibition paradigms that tapped into one of three inhibitory control subtypes (i) interference control (e.g., Stroop task), (ii) response inhibition (e.g., Go/Nogo task), or (iii) inhibition of cognitive sets (Wisconsin Card Sort Task). Reference databases (PsychINFO, PubMed, and Web of Science) were searched for studies comparing individuals with aMCI to healthy controls on behavioural measures of inhibition. Across 70 effect sizes involving 2184 adults with aMCI and 3049 controls, overall inhibition deficits of moderate magnitude (g = −0.73) were found among individuals with aMCI. Inhibition deficits were moderate in size regardless of inhibitory control subtype: interference control (g = −0.74), response inhibition (g = −0.71), inhibition of cognitive sets (g = −0.76). Subgroup analyses revealed that Stroop outcome measure (reaction time vs. accuracy) and recruitment source (clinical vs. community) moderated interference control deficits. Together these findings support a generalized inhibition deficit in aMCI, and suggest that inhibition tasks should be included routinely in neuropsychological test batteries to provide a more comprehensive overview of executive dysfunction in aMCI.

中文翻译：

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具有记忆轻度认知障碍的个体的抑制性控制缺陷：一项荟萃分析。

轻度遗忘性认知障碍（aMCI）是阿尔茨海默氏病的前驱阶段，其特征是发作性记忆障碍。最近的证据表明，aMCI中的抑制控制也受到损害。本荟萃分析的目的是通过检查一系列定义明确的抑制范例的性能来量化aMCI患者的抑制控制能力，这些抑制范例可分为三种抑制控制亚型（i）干扰控制（例如Stroop任务）之一，（ii）抑制响应（例如执行Go / Nogo任务）或（iii）抑制认知集（威斯康星卡片排序任务）。搜索参考数据库（PsychINFO，PubMed和Web of Science）以将具有aMCI的个体与健康对照进行行为抑制比较。g  = -0.73）在患有aMCI的个体中被发现。不论抑制控制亚型如何，抑制缺陷的大小均中等：干扰控制（g  = -0.74），反应抑制（g  = -0.71），认知集合抑制（g  = -0.76）。亚组分析显示，Stroop结果测量（反应时间与准确性）和募集来源（临床与社区）减轻了干扰控制缺陷。这些发现共同支持了aMCI中普遍存在的抑制缺陷，并建议在神经心理学测试电池中应常规包括抑制任务，以更全面地概述aMCI中的执行功能障碍。