Compared with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD) shows peculiar clinical manifestations related to vigilance (i.e., executive cognitive deficits and visual hallucinations) that may be reflected in resting-state electroencephalographic rhythms. To test this hypothesis, clinical and resting-state electroencephalographic rhythms in age-, sex-, and education-matched PD patients (N = 136) and Alzheimer's disease patients (AD, N = 85), and healthy older participants (Nold, N = 65), were available from an international archive. Electroencephalographic sources were estimated by eLORETA software. The results are as follows: (1) compared to the Nold participants, the AD and PD patients showed higher widespread delta source activities (PD > AD) and lower posterior alpha source activities (AD > PD); (2) the PD patients with the most pronounced motor deficits exhibited very low alpha source activities in widespread cortical regions; (3) the PD patients with the strongest cognitive deficits showed higher alpha source activities in widespread cortical regions; and (4) compared to the PD patients without visual hallucinations, those with visual hallucinations were characterized by higher posterior alpha sources activities. These results suggest that in PD patients resting in quiet wakefulness, abnormalities in cortical neural synchronization at alpha frequencies are differently related to cognitive, motor, and visual hallucinations. Interestingly, parallel PD neuropathological processes may have opposite effects on cortical neural synchronization mechanisms generating cortical alpha rhythms in quiet wakefulness.

中文翻译：

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安静清醒时异常的皮质神经同步机制与帕金森病患者的运动缺陷、认知症状和幻视有关：脑电图研究

与阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 相比，帕金森病 (PD) 显示出与警觉相关的特殊临床表现（即执行认知缺陷和视幻觉），这可能反映在静息状态的脑电图节律中。为了验证这一假设，年龄、性别和教育匹配的 PD 患者（N = 136）和阿尔茨海默病患者（AD，N = 85）以及健康老年参与者（Nold，N）的临床和静息状态脑电图节律= 65)，可从国际档案中获得。脑电图来源由 eLORETA 软件估计。结果如下：（1）与Nold参与者相比，AD和PD患者表现出更高的广泛δ源活动（PD > AD）和更低的后α源活动（AD > PD）；(2)运动障碍最明显的PD患者在广泛的皮层区域表现出非常低的α源活动；(3)认知缺陷最强的PD患者在广泛的皮层区域表现出较高的α源活动；(4) 与没有幻视的 PD 患者相比，有幻视的患者具有更高的后α源活动。这些结果表明，在安静清醒状态下休息的 PD 患者中，α 频率的皮质神经同步异常与认知、运动和视觉幻觉的相关性不同。有趣的是，平行的 PD 神经病理过程可能对皮质神经同步机制产生相反的影响，这些机制在安静清醒时产生皮质 α 节律。