We report on the construction and performance of the first hybrid resistive-superconducting magnet (HM) based scanning tunnelling microscope (STM) above 30 T. This custom-design HM-STM features a novel design of the STM head unit, whose tip-sample approach is implemented using a slender piezoelectric tube (PZT). The scanner shares part of PZT by fixing a sapphire frame onto the front quarter of PZT to construct a compact tip-sample loop, realising an outer diameter of 8.8 mm, which makes it compatible with a narrow sample space. Its main components are made of non-metallic materials of sapphire, which allows it to be immune from eddy currents and to operate under the condition of strong magnetic field fluctuation from a hybrid magnet, as well as cryogen-free cryocooler magnet systems. To analyse the stiffness of the STM head unit, the eigenfrequencies with 11 kHz and 12 kHz in bending modes, 25 kHz in a torsional mode, and 67 kHz in a longitudinal mode were simulated by finite element analysis; also, the drifting rates of the STM in ambient conditions in the X-Y plane and Z direction were measured at 25.5 and 38.2 pm/min, respectively. We present the first atomic images in magnetic fields up to 30.1 T in an HM. The raw data show the stable and distinguished performance while ramping up to maximum fields, indicating the new device's potential capability of operating in the future 45T-hybrid magnet and hundred-field pulsed magnet. Meanwhile, our compact and concentric cylindrical STM insert can operate in the low-temperature tubular sample space housed by the HM bore to develop low-temperature and extreme high-magnetic field STM.

中文翻译：

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具有基本非金属设计的混合磁铁中的 30 T 扫描隧道显微镜

我们报告了第一个 30 T 以上的基于混合电阻超导磁体 (HM) 的扫描隧道显微镜 (STM) 的结构和性能。 这种定制设计的 HM-STM 具有 STM 头部单元的新颖设计，其尖端样品该方法是使用细长压电管 (PZT) 实现的。扫描仪通过将蓝宝石框架固定在 PZT 的前四分之一上以构建紧凑的尖端样品环，实现了 8.8 mm 的外径，这使其兼容狭窄的样品空间，从而共享部分 PZT。其主要部件由蓝宝石非金属材料制成，使其不受涡流影响，可在混合磁体和无冷冻剂低温冷却器磁体系统的强磁场波动条件下运行。为了分析 STM 头单元的刚度，通过有限元分析模拟了弯曲模式下11 kHz和12 kHz，扭转模式下25 kHz和纵向模式下67 kHz的特征频率；此外，STM 在 XY 平面和 Z 方向的环境条件下的漂移率分别测量为 25.5 和 38.2 pm/min。我们在 HM 中展示了高达 30.1 T 的磁场中的第一张原子图像。原始数据显示，在提升到最大磁场的同时，性能稳定而卓越，表明新设备在未来的45T混合磁体和百场脉冲磁体中运行的潜在能力。同时，我们的紧凑型同心圆柱STM插件可以在HM孔容纳的低温管状样品空间中运行，以开发低温和极强磁场STM。