Recombinant DNA technologies have enabled the development of transgenic animal models for use in studying a myriad of diseases and biological states. By placing fluorescent reporters under the direct regulation of the promoter region of specific marker proteins, these models can localize and characterize very specific cell types. One important application of transgenic species is the study of the cytoarchitecture of the nervous system. Neurofluorescent reporters can be used to study the structural patterns of nerves in the central or peripheral nervous system in vivo, as well as phenomena involving embryologic or adult neurogenesis, injury, degeneration, and recovery. Furthermore, crucial molecular factors can also be screened via the transgenic approach, which may eventually play a major role in the development of therapeutic strategies against diseases like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's. This review describes currently available reporters and their uses in the literature as well as potential neural markers that can be leveraged to create additional, robust transgenic models for future studies.

中文翻译：

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用于研究神经系统的转基因模型：目前可用的神经荧光报道基因和潜在的神经元标记物。

重组DNA技术已使转基因动物模型的开发成为可能，该模型可用于研究多种疾病和生物学状态。通过将荧光报告基因置于特定标记蛋白启动子区域的直接调控之下，这些模型可以定位和表征非常特定的细胞类型。转基因物种的一项重要应用是对神经系统细胞结构的研究。神经荧光报道分子可用于研究体内中枢神经系统或周围神经系统中神经的结构模式，以及涉及胚胎或成年神经发生，损伤，变性和恢复的现象。此外，还可以通过转基因方法筛选关键分子因素，最终可能会在开发针对阿尔茨海默氏症或帕金森氏症等疾病的治疗策略中发挥重要作用。这篇综述描述了目前可用的报道基因及其在文献中的用途，以及潜在的神经标记物，可以利用这些标记物为未来的研究创建额外的，稳健的转基因模型。