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Demographic, socioeconomic and disease knowledge factors, but not population mobility, associated with lymphatic filariasis infection in adult workers in American Samoa in 2014
Parasites & Vectors ( IF 3.0 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-12 , DOI: 10.1186/s13071-020-3996-4
Patricia M. Graves , Sarah Sheridan , Saipale Fuimaono , Colleen L. Lau

Prevalence of lymphatic filariasis (LF) antigen in American Samoa was 16.5% in 1999. Seven rounds of mass drug administration (MDA) programmes between 2000 and 2006 reduced antigen prevalence to 2.3%. The most efficient methods of surveillance after MDA are not clear, but testing specific at-risk groups such as adults may provide earlier warning of resurgence. The role of migration from LF endemic countries in maintaining transmission also needs investigation. Few studies have investigated knowledge about LF and how that relates to infection risk. This study aims to investigate associations between socio-demographics, population mobility, disease knowledge and LF infection risk. In 2014, we surveyed 670 adults aged 16–68 years (62% female) at two worksites in American Samoa. Sera were tested for LF antigen and antibodies (Bm14 and Wb123) by rapid test and/or ELISA. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess association between seromarkers and demographic factors, household socioeconomic status (SES), residence, travel history, and knowledge of LF. Overall, 1.8% of participants were positive for antigen, 11.8% for Bm14, 11.3% for Wb123 and 17.3% for at least one antibody. Recent travel outside American Samoa was not associated with positivity for any seromarker. Men had higher seroprevalence than women for all outcomes (any antibody: adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 3.49 (95% CI: 2.21–5.49). Those aged over 35 years (compared to 15–24 years) had higher prevalence of Bm14 antibody (aOR = 3.75, 3.76 and 4.17 for ages 35–44, 45–54 and ≥ 55 years, respectively, P < 0.05). Lower SES was associated with seropositivity (antigen: aOR = 2.89, 95% CI: 1.09–7.69; either antibody: aOR = 1.51, 95% CI: 1.12–2.05). Those who knew that mosquitoes transmitted LF had lower Wb123 antibody prevalence (aOR = 0.55, 95% CI: 0.32–0.95). Opportunistic sampling of adults at worksites provided an efficient and representative way to assess prevalence and risk factors for LF in American Samoa and in hindsight, foreshadowed the resurgence of transmission. Risk of LF infection, detected by one or more serological markers, was not related to recent travel history, but was strongly associated with male gender, older age, lower SES, and lack of knowledge about mosquito transmission. These results could guide future efforts to increase MDA participation.

中文翻译:

2014年与萨摩亚成年工人淋巴丝虫病感染相关的人口统计学,社会经济和疾病知识因素(而非人口迁移)

1999年,美属萨摩亚的淋巴丝虫病(LF)抗原患病率为16.5%。2000年至2006年之间进行的七轮大规模药物管理(MDA)计划将抗原患病率降至2.3%。在MDA之后,最有效的监视方法尚不清楚,但是测试特定的高危人群(例如成年人)可能会提早警告死灰复燃。从LF流行国家迁徙在维持传播方面的作用也需要调查。很少有研究调查有关LF及其与感染风险之间的关系的知识。这项研究旨在调查社会人口统计学,人口流动性,疾病知识和LF感染风险之间的关联。2014年,我们在美属萨摩亚的两个工厂对670名16-68岁的成年人(女性占62%)进行了调查。通过快速检测和/或ELISA检测血清的LF抗原和抗体(Bm14和Wb123)。多元logistic回归用于评估血清标志物和人口统计学因素,家庭社会经济地位(SES),居住,出行历史和LF知识之间的关联。总体而言,有1.8%的参与者对抗原呈阳性,Bm14为11.8%,Wb123为11.3%,至少一种抗体为17.3%。最近在美属萨摩亚以外的旅行与任何血清标志物的阳性都没有关联。在所有结局中,男性的血清阳性率均高于女性(任何抗体:校正比值比(aOR)= 3.49(95%CI:2.25-1.49)。35岁以上(15-24岁)的人群中Bm14抗体的阳性率更高(aOR分别为35-44、45-54和≥55岁的年龄分别为3.75、3.76和4.17,P <0.05)。较低的SES与血清阳性有关(抗原:aOR = 2.89,95%CI:1.09–7.69;任一抗体:aOR = 1.51,95%CI:1.12-2.05)。那些知道蚊子通过LF传播的人的Wb123抗体患病率较低(aOR = 0.55,95%CI:0.32-0.95)。在工作场所对成年人进行机会性采样提供了一种有效且有代表性的方法,可用于评估美属萨摩亚以及事后看来LF的患病率和危险因素,这预示了传播的重新流行。通过一种或多种血清学标志物检测到的LF感染风险与近期旅行史无关,但与男性,年龄较大,SES降低以及对蚊子传播的知识缺乏密切相关。这些结果可以指导未来增加MDA参与的工作。那些知道蚊子通过LF传播的人的Wb123抗体患病率较低(aOR = 0.55,95%CI:0.32-0.95)。在工作场所对成年人进行机会性采样提供了一种有效且有代表性的方法,可用于评估美属萨摩亚以及事后看来LF的患病率和危险因素,这预示了传播的重新流行。通过一种或多种血清学标志物检测到的LF感染风险与近期旅行史无关,但与男性,年龄较大,SES降低以及对蚊子传播的知识缺乏密切相关。这些结果可以指导未来增加MDA参与的工作。那些知道蚊子通过LF传播的人的Wb123抗体患病率较低(aOR = 0.55,95%CI:0.32-0.95)。在工作场所对成年人进行机会性采样提供了一种有效且有代表性的方法,可用于评估美属萨摩亚以及事后看来LF的患病率和危险因素,这预示了传播的重新流行。通过一种或多种血清学标志物检测到的LF感染风险与近期旅行史无关,但与男性,年龄较大,SES降低以及对蚊子传播的知识缺乏密切相关。这些结果可以指导未来增加MDA参与的工作。在工作场所对成年人进行机会性采样提供了一种有效且有代表性的方法,可用于评估美属萨摩亚以及事后看来LF的患病率和危险因素,这预示了传播的重新流行。通过一种或多种血清学标志物检测到的LF感染风险与近期旅行史无关,但与男性,年龄较大,SES降低以及对蚊子传播的知识缺乏密切相关。这些结果可以指导未来增加MDA参与的工作。在工作场所对成年人进行机会性采样提供了一种有效且有代表性的方法,可用于评估美属萨摩亚以及事后看来LF的患病率和危险因素,这预示了传播的重新流行。通过一种或多种血清学标志物检测到的LF感染风险与近期旅行史无关,但与男性,年龄较大,SES降低以及对蚊子传播的知识缺乏密切相关。这些结果可以指导未来增加MDA参与的工作。
更新日期:2020-03-12
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