In the context of searching for potent, safe, natural antimicrobial agents to combate the global antimicrobial resistance (AMR) phenomenon, the current study evaluates for the first time ever, the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of essential oil (EO) and extracts from the rare wild plant Centaurea pumilio L.. It has tremendous ethnomedicinal values; its dried root is used as a fattening agent, a treatment for bad breath and diabetes, and screened for schistosomicidal activity. C. pumilio EO was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical constituents of aerial part were extracted using a sequential solvent/solvent procedure employing four solvents with increasing polarities in the following order: petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The chemical constituents were identified by GC-MS. Fifty-two microbial strains were used; twenty-six multidrug resistant (MDR), sixteen clinical, and ten reference strains. The identification of the microbial strains was performed by MALDI-TOF-MS. The antimicrobial activity of the EO and the aerial part and the root extracts was assessed through disc diffusion assay. A minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the EO and extracts was determined using the broth micro-dilution method. The growth of reference and clinical strains was inhibited by EO, methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate aerial part extracts and chloroform root extract. The MDR strains growth, however, was inhibited only by EO and chloroform aerial part extract. GC-MS identified for the first time eighteen constituents from aerial part EO and chloroform extract each. EO showed antimicrobial activity against the reference, clinical, and MDR strains with MIC values of 31.25–125, 31.25–125, and 62.50–250 μg/mL, respectively. Methanol aerial part extract exhibited high antimicrobial activities with MIC values of 62.50–250 μg/mL against reference and clinical strains. Chloroform root extract displayed strong antimicrobial activity against reference and clinical strains recording MIC values of 62.50–250 μg/mL and 62.50–125 μg/mL, respectively. The chloroform aerial part extract demonstrated potent antimicrobial activity against the reference, clinical, and MDR strains with 31.25, 31.25, and 15.62 μg/mL MIC values, respectively. Present data unravel the C. pumilio pharmacological magnitude to discover eco-friendly potent antimicrobial agents to fight AMR phenomenon.

中文翻译：

---

矢车菊根和地上部分提取物对某些耐多药细菌的抗菌活性。

在寻找有效，安全，天然的抗菌剂来对抗全球抗菌素耐药性（AMR）现象的背景下，当前的研究首次评估了香精油（EO）的广谱抗菌活性，并从中提取了香精油。珍稀的野生植物Centaurea pumilio L.。其干燥的根用作增脂剂，用于治疗口臭和糖尿病，并筛查血吸虫病活性。使用Clevenger仪器通过水蒸馏法提取C. pumilio EO。航空部分的化学成分采用依次溶剂/溶剂方法提取，该方法使用以下极性递增的四种溶剂：石油醚，氯仿，乙酸乙酯和正丁醇。化学成分通过GC-MS鉴定。使用了52种微生物菌株。26种耐多药（MDR），16种临床和10种参考菌株。微生物菌株的鉴定通过MALDI-TOF-MS进行。通过椎间盘扩散测定法评估EO和地上部分以及根提取物的抗菌活性。使用肉汤微稀释法确定EO和提取物的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）。EO，甲醇，氯仿和乙酸乙酯地上部分提取物和氯仿根提取物抑制了参考菌株和临床菌株的生长。然而，MDR菌株的生长仅被EO和氯仿地上部分提取物抑制。GC-MS首次从地上部分EO和氯仿提取物中鉴定出十八种成分。EO对参考，临床，和MDR菌株的MIC值分别为31.25–125、31.25–125和62.50–250μg/ mL。甲醇地上部分提取物表现出较高的抗菌活性，对参考菌株和临床菌株的MIC值为62.50–250μg/ mL。氯仿根提取物对参考菌株和临床菌株显示出强大的抗菌活性，记录的MIC值分别为62.50-250μg/ mL和62.50-125μg/ mL。氯仿地上部分提取物显示出对参考菌株，临床菌株和MDR菌株的有效抗菌活性，分别具有31.25、31.25和15.62μg/ mL MIC值。当前数据揭示了C. pumilio的药理作用强度，以发现环保的有效抗微生物剂来对抗AMR现象。甲醇地上部分提取物表现出较高的抗菌活性，对参考菌株和临床菌株的MIC值为62.50–250μg/ mL。氯仿根提取物对参考菌株和临床菌株显示出强大的抗菌活性，记录的MIC值分别为62.50-250μg/ mL和62.50-125μg/ mL。氯仿地上部分提取物显示出对参考菌株，临床菌株和MDR菌株的有效抗菌活性，分别具有31.25、31.25和15.62μg/ mL MIC值。当前数据揭示了C. pumilio的药理作用强度，以发现环保的有效抗微生物剂来对抗AMR现象。甲醇地上部分提取物表现出较高的抗菌活性，对参考菌株和临床菌株的MIC值为62.50–250μg/ mL。氯仿根提取物对参考菌株和临床菌株显示出强大的抗菌活性，记录的MIC值分别为62.50-250μg/ mL和62.50-125μg/ mL。氯仿地上部分提取物显示出对参考菌株，临床菌株和MDR菌株的有效抗菌活性，分别具有31.25、31.25和15.62μg/ mL MIC值。当前数据揭示了C. pumilio的药理作用强度，以发现环保的有效抗微生物剂来对抗AMR现象。氯仿根提取物对参考菌株和临床菌株显示出强大的抗菌活性，记录的MIC值分别为62.50-250μg/ mL和62.50-125μg/ mL。氯仿地上部分提取物显示出对参考菌株，临床菌株和MDR菌株的有效抗菌活性，分别具有31.25、31.25和15.62μg/ mL MIC值。当前数据揭示了C. pumilio的药理作用强度，以发现环保的有效抗微生物剂来对抗AMR现象。氯仿根提取物对参考菌株和临床菌株显示出强大的抗菌活性，记录的MIC值分别为62.50-250μg/ mL和62.50-125μg/ mL。氯仿地上部分提取物显示出对参考菌株，临床菌株和MDR菌株的有效抗菌活性，分别具有31.25、31.25和15.62μg/ mL MIC值。当前数据揭示了C. pumilio的药理作用强度，以发现环保的有效抗微生物剂来对抗AMR现象。