Understanding why people take part in health research is critical to improve research efficiency and generalisability. The aim of this overview of systematic reviews was to identify psychosocial determinants of research participation and map them to psychological theory and empirical recruitment research, to identify effective strategies to increase research participation. Qualitative and quantitative systematic reviews were systematically identified. No date or language limits were applied. Two reviewers independently selected reviews. Methodological quality was rated using AMSTAR, and poor-quality reviews (scoring 0–3) were excluded. Barriers and facilitators were coded to psychological theory (Theoretical Domains Framework) and empirical recruitment research (recruitment interventions that had been subjected to randomised controlled trial evaluation). We included 26 systematic reviews (429 unique primary studies), covering a wide range of patient populations and health settings. We identified five groups of facilitators, of which three were dominant (potential for personal benefit, altruism, trust) and appear to be relevant across research setting and design. We identified nine groups of barriers, which were more dependent on the particular study (context, population, design). Two determinants (participant information, social influences) were found to be both barriers and facilitators. Barriers and facilitators could be coded to the Motivation and Opportunity components of the Theoretical Domains Framework; only one was coded to a Capability component. There was some overlap between psychosocial determinants and empirical recruitment research, but some barriers and facilitators had not been tested at all. Identifying effective recruitment strategies could increase the efficiency and generalisability of primary research. We identified a number of barriers and facilitators that could be addressed by researchers. There is a need for more research to identify effective recruitment strategies that draw on the psychosocial facilitators and barriers identified in this overview.

中文翻译：

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患者为何参与研究？社会心理障碍和促进因素的系统评价概述


了解人们参与健康研究的原因对于提高研究效率和普遍性至关重要。系统评价概述的目的是确定研究参与的心理社会决定因素，并将其映射到心理学理论和实证招募研究，以确定增加研究参与的有效策略。系统地确定了定性和定量的系统评价。没有日期或语言限制。两位审稿人独立选择审稿意见。使用 AMSTAR 对方法学质量进行评级，并排除质量较差的综述（得分 0-3）。障碍和促进因素被编码为心理学理论（理论领域框架）和实证招聘研究（经过随机对照试验评估的招聘干预措施）。我们纳入了 26 项系统评价（429 项独特的初步研究），涵盖广泛的患者群体和健康环境。我们确定了五组促进者，其中三组占主导地位（个人利益、利他主义、信任的潜力），并且似乎与研究设置和设计相关。我们确定了九组障碍，它们更依赖于特定的研究（背景、人口、设计）。研究发现两个决定因素（参与者信息、社会影响）既是障碍也是促进因素。障碍和促进因素可以被编码到理论领域框架的动机和机会部分；只有一个被编码为功能组件。社会心理决定因素和实证招聘研究之间存在一些重叠，但一些障碍和促进因素根本没有经过测试。 确定有效的招募策略可以提高初级研究的效率和普遍性。我们确定了研究人员可以解决的一些障碍和促进因素。需要进行更多研究，以确定利用本概述中确定的社会心理促进因素和障碍的有效招聘策略。