The metabolism of healthy murine and more recently human immune cells has been investigated with an increasing amount of details. These studies have revealed the challenges presented by immune cells to respond rapidly to a wide variety of triggers by adjusting the amount, type, and utilization of the nutrients they import. A concept has emerged that cellular metabolic programs regulate the size of the immune response and the plasticity of its effector functions. This has generated a lot of enthusiasm with the prediction that cellular metabolism could be manipulated to either enhance or limit an immune response. In support of this hypothesis, studies in animal models as well as human subjects have shown that the dysregulation of the immune system in autoimmune diseases is associated with a skewing of the immunometabolic programs. These studies have been mostly conducted on autoimmune CD4+ T cells, with the metabolism of other immune cells in autoimmune settings still being understudied. Here we discuss systemic metabolism as well as cellular immunometabolism as novel tools to decipher fundamental mechanisms of autoimmunity. We review the contribution of each major metabolic pathway to autoimmune diseases, with a focus on systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), with the relevant translational opportunities, existing or predicted from results obtained with healthy immune cells. Finally, we review how targeting metabolic programs may present novel therapeutic venues.

中文翻译：

---

狼疮发病机理的代谢决定因素。

越来越多的细节研究了健康鼠类和最近人类免疫细胞的代谢。这些研究揭示了免疫细胞通过调节其输入的营养素的数量，类型和利用对快速响应多种触发因素提出的挑战。已经出现了一种概念，即细胞代谢程序调节免疫应答的大小及其效应功能的可塑性。预言人们可以操纵细胞的新陈代谢来增强或限制免疫反应，这引起了人们的极大热情。为了支持这一假设，在动物模型以及人类受试者中的研究表明，自身免疫性疾病中免疫系统的失调与免疫代谢程序的倾斜有关。这些研究主要针对自身免疫性CD4 + T细胞进行，但仍未充分研究自身免疫性环境中其他免疫细胞的代谢。在这里，我们讨论系统性代谢以及细胞免疫代谢，作为解读自身免疫性基本机制的新工具。我们回顾了每个主要代谢途径对自身免疫性疾病的贡献，重点是系统性红斑狼疮（SLE），以及相关的翻译机会，这些机会存在于健康的免疫细胞或从健康的免疫细胞获得的结果中预测到。最后，我们回顾了靶向代谢程序如何呈现新的治疗手段。在这里，我们讨论系统性代谢以及细胞免疫代谢，作为解读自身免疫性基本机制的新工具。我们回顾了每个主要代谢途径对自身免疫性疾病的贡献，重点是系统性红斑狼疮（SLE），以及相关的翻译机会，这些机会存在于健康的免疫细胞或从健康的免疫细胞获得的结果中预测到。最后，我们回顾了靶向代谢程序如何呈现新的治疗手段。在这里，我们讨论系统性代谢以及细胞免疫代谢，作为解读自身免疫性基本机制的新工具。我们回顾了每个主要代谢途径对自身免疫性疾病的贡献，重点是系统性红斑狼疮（SLE），以及相关的翻译机会，这些机会存在于健康的免疫细胞或从健康的免疫细胞获得的结果中预测到。最后，我们回顾了靶向代谢程序如何呈现新的治疗手段。