BACKGROUND The American Cancer Society, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the National Cancer Institute, and the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries collaborate to provide annual updates on cancer occurrence and trends in the United States. METHODS Data on new cancer diagnoses during 2001 through 2016 were obtained from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded and National Cancer Institute-funded population-based cancer registry programs and compiled by the North American Association of Central Cancer Registries. Data on cancer deaths during 2001 through 2017 were obtained from the National Center for Health Statistics' National Vital Statistics System. Trends in incidence and death rates for all cancers combined and for the leading cancer types by sex, racial/ethnic group, and age were estimated by joinpoint analysis and characterized by the average annual percent change during the most recent 5 years (2012-2016 for incidence and 2013-2017 for mortality). RESULTS Overall, cancer incidence rates decreased 0.6% on average per year during 2012 through 2016, but trends differed by sex, racial/ethnic group, and cancer type. Among males, cancer incidence rates were stable overall and among non-Hispanic white males but decreased in other racial/ethnic groups; rates increased for 5 of the 17 most common cancers, were stable for 7 cancers (including prostate), and decreased for 5 cancers (including lung and bronchus [lung] and colorectal). Among females, cancer incidence rates increased during 2012 to 2016 in all racial/ethnic groups, increasing on average 0.2% per year; rates increased for 8 of the 18 most common cancers (including breast), were stable for 6 cancers (including colorectal), and decreased for 4 cancers (including lung). Overall, cancer death rates decreased 1.5% on average per year during 2013 to 2017, decreasing 1.8% per year among males and 1.4% per year among females. During 2013 to 2017, cancer death rates decreased for all cancers combined among both males and females in each racial/ethnic group, for 11 of the 19 most common cancers among males (including lung and colorectal), and for 14 of the 20 most common cancers among females (including lung, colorectal, and breast). The largest declines in death rates were observed for melanoma of the skin (decreasing 6.1% per year among males and 6.3% among females) and lung (decreasing 4.8% per year among males and 3.7% among females). Among children younger than 15 years, cancer incidence rates increased an average of 0.8% per year during 2012 to 2016, and cancer death rates decreased an average of 1.4% per year during 2013 to 2017. Among adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 39 years, cancer incidence rates increased an average of 0.9% per year during 2012 to 2016, and cancer death rates decreased an average of 1.0% per year during 2013 to 2017. CONCLUSIONS Although overall cancer death rates continue to decline, incidence rates are leveling off among males and are increasing slightly among females. These trends reflect population changes in cancer risk factors, screening test use, diagnostic practices, and treatment advances. Many cancers can be prevented or treated effectively if they are found early. Population-based cancer incidence and mortality data can be used to inform efforts to decrease the cancer burden in the United States and regularly monitor progress toward goals.

中文翻译：

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向全国提交的癌症状况年度报告，第一部分：国家癌症统计数据。


背景技术美国癌症协会、疾病控制和预防中心、国家癌症研究所和北美中央癌症登记协会合作提供有关美国癌症发生和趋势的年度更新。方法 2001 年至 2016 年期间新诊断癌症的数据来自疾病控制与预防中心资助的和国家癌症研究所资助的基于人群的癌症登记项目，并由北美中央癌症登记协会编制。 2001 年至 2017 年癌症死亡数据来自国家卫生统计中心的国家生命统计系统。所有癌症的发病率和死亡率趋势以及按性别、种族/族裔群体和年龄划分的主要癌症类型的发病率和死亡率趋势通过连接点分析进行估计，并以最近 5 年（2012 年至 2016 年）的平均年百分比变化为特征。发病率和 2013-2017 年死亡率）。结果 总体而言，2012 年至 2016 年间，癌症发病率平均每年下降 0.6%，但趋势因性别、种族/族裔群体和癌症类型而异。在男性中，癌症发病率总体稳定，在非西班牙裔白人男性中，但在其他种族/族裔群体中有所下降； 17 种最常见癌症中有 5 种的发病率上升，7 种癌症（包括前列腺癌）的发病率稳定，5 种癌症（包括肺癌、支气管[肺]和结直肠癌）的发病率下降。在女性中，2012 年至 2016 年期间，所有种族/族裔群体的癌症发病率均有所上升，平均上升 0。每年2%； 18 种最常见癌症中有 8 种（包括乳腺癌）的发病率上升，6 种癌症（包括结直肠癌）的发病率稳定，4 种癌症（包括肺癌）的发病率下降。总体而言，2013年至2017年间，癌症死亡率平均每年下降1.5%，其中男性每年下降1.8%，女性每年下降1.4%。 2013 年至 2017 年间，每个种族/族裔群体中男性和女性所有癌症的癌症死亡率均有所下降，男性 19 种最常见癌症中的 11 种（包括肺癌和结直肠癌）以及 20 种最常见癌症中的 14 种癌症死亡率均有所下降。女性癌症（包括肺癌、结直肠癌和乳腺癌）。皮肤黑色素瘤死亡率下降幅度最大（男性每年下降 6.1%，女性每年下降 6.3%）和肺癌（男性每年下降 4.8%，女性每年下降 3.7%）。在15岁以下儿童中，2012年至2016年间癌症发病率平均每年增加0.8%，2013年至2017年间癌症死亡率平均每年下降1.4%。在15至39岁的青少年和年轻人中，2012 年至 2016 年间，癌症发病率平均每年增加 0.9%，2013 年至 2017 年间，癌症死亡率平均每年下降 1.0%。 结论 尽管总体癌症死亡率持续下降，但癌症发病率在男性中，女性中略有增加。这些趋势反映了癌症危险因素、筛查测试使用、诊断实践和治疗进展方面的人口变化。如果及早发现，许多癌症都可以得到有效预防或治疗。 基于人口的癌症发病率和死亡率数据可用于为减轻美国癌症负担的努力提供信息，并定期监测目标进展情况。