Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS; also designated as acne inversa) is a chronic inflammatory disorder, which affects the intertriginous skin and is associated with numerous systemic comorbidities. The estimated prevalence of HS is ~1% in most studied countries. Typically starting in early adulthood, cutaneous inflamed nodules, abscesses and pus-discharging tunnels develop in axillary, inguinal, gluteal and perianal body sites. The comorbidities of HS include metabolic and cardiovascular disorders, which contribute to reduced life expectancy. A genetic predisposition, smoking, obesity and hormonal factors are established aetiological factors for HS. Cutaneous changes seem to start around hair follicles and involve activation of cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems, with pivotal roles for pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumour necrosis factor, IL-1β and IL-17. The unrestricted and chronic immune response eventually leads to severe pain, pus discharge, irreversible tissue destruction and scar development. HS has profound negative effects on patients' quality of life, which often culminate in social withdrawal, unemployment, depression and suicidal thoughts. The therapeutic options for HS comprise antibiotic treatment, neutralization of tumour necrosis factor and surgical intervention together with lifestyle modification. Nevertheless, there is an enormous need for awareness of HS, understanding of its pathogenesis and novel treatments.

中文翻译：

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化脓性汗腺炎。

化脓性汗腺炎 (HS; 也称为反痤疮) 是一种慢性炎症性疾病，会影响皮肤间擦伤并与许多全身性合并症有关。在大多数研究国家，HS 的估计患病率约为 1%。通常从成年早期开始，皮肤发炎结节、脓肿和脓液排出隧道会在腋窝、腹股沟、臀部和肛周身体部位出现。HS 的合并症包括代谢和心血管疾病，这会导致预期寿命缩短。遗传易感性、吸烟、肥胖和激素因素是 HS 的既定病因。皮肤变化似乎始于毛囊周围，涉及先天和适应性免疫系统细胞的激活，对促炎细胞因子如肿瘤坏死因子、IL-1β 和 IL-17 起关键作用。不受限制的慢性免疫反应最终导致剧烈疼痛、脓液排出、不可逆的组织破坏和疤痕形成。HS 对患者的生活质量具有深远的负面影响，这通常会导致社会退缩、失业、抑郁和自杀念头。HS 的治疗选择包括抗生素治疗、肿瘤坏死因子的中和和手术干预以及生活方式的改变。然而，对 HS 的认识、了解其发病机制和新的治疗方法存在巨大的需求。HS 对患者的生活质量具有深远的负面影响，这通常会导致社会退缩、失业、抑郁和自杀念头。HS 的治疗选择包括抗生素治疗、肿瘤坏死因子的中和和手术干预以及生活方式的改变。然而，对 HS 的认识、了解其发病机制和新的治疗方法存在巨大的需求。HS 对患者的生活质量具有深远的负面影响，这通常会导致社会退缩、失业、抑郁和自杀念头。HS 的治疗选择包括抗生素治疗、肿瘤坏死因子的中和和手术干预以及生活方式的改变。然而，对 HS 的认识、了解其发病机制和新的治疗方法存在巨大的需求。