Air pollution has consistently been associated with cardiometabolic outcomes, although associations with obesity have only been recently reported. Studies of air pollution and adiposity have mostly relied on body mass index (BMI) rather than body fat percentage (BF%), and most have not accounted for noise as a possible confounder. Additionally, it is unknown whether genetic predisposition for obesity increases susceptibility to the obesogenic effects of air pollution. To help fill these gaps, we used the UK Biobank, a large, prospective cohort study in the United Kingdom, to explore the relationship between air pollution and adiposity, and modification by a polygenic risk score for BMI. We used 2010 annual averages of air pollution estimates from land use regression (NO2, NOX, PM2.5, PM2.5absorbance, PM2.5-10, PM10), traffic intensity (TI), inverse distance to road (IDTR), along with examiner-measured BMI, waist-hip-ratio (WHR), and impedance measures of BF%, which were collected at enrollment (2006-2010, n = 473,026) and at follow-up (2012-2013, n = 19,518). We estimated associations of air pollution with BMI, WHR, and BF% at enrollment and follow-up, and with obesity, abdominal obesity, and BF%-obesity at enrollment and follow-up. We used linear and logistic regression and controlled for noise and other covariates. We also assessed interactions of air pollution with a polygenic risk score for BMI. On average, participants at enrollment were 56 years of age, 54% were female, and 32% had completed college or a higher degree. Almost all participants (~95%) were white. All air pollution measures except IDTR were positively associated with at least one continuous measure of adiposity at enrollment. However, NO2 was negatively associated with BMI but positively associated with WHR at enrollment, and IDTR was also negatively associated with BMI. At follow-up (controlling for enrollment adiposity), we observed positive associations for PM2.5-10 with BMI, PM10 with BF%, and TI with BF% and BMI. Associations were similar for binary measures of adiposity, with minor differences for some pollutants. Associations of NOX, NO2, PM2.5absorbance, PM2.5 and PM10, with BMI at enrollment, but not at follow-up, were stronger among individuals with higher BMI polygenic risk scores (interaction p <0.05). In this large, prospective cohort, air pollution was associated with several measures of adiposity at enrollment and follow-up, and associations with adiposity at enrollment were modified by a polygenic risk score for obesity.

中文翻译：

---

空气污染与肥胖和体脂百分比的关联，以及英国生物银行 BMI 多基因风险评分的修正。

空气污染一直与心脏代谢结果有关，尽管最近才报道与肥胖有关。对空气污染和肥胖的研究大多依赖于体重指数 (BMI) 而不是体脂百分比 (BF%)，并且大多数没有将噪音作为可能的混杂因素考虑在内。此外，尚不清楚肥胖的遗传易感性是否会增加对空气污染致肥胖影响的易感性。为了帮助填补这些空白，我们使用了英国生物银行（英国的一项大型前瞻性队列研究）来探索空气污染与肥胖之间的关系，并通过 BMI 的多基因风险评分进行修改。我们使用了来自土地利用回归（NO2、NOX、PM2.5、PM2.5 吸收率、PM2.5-10、PM10）、交通强度 (TI)、与道路的反距离 (IDTR)，以及检查者测量的 BMI、腰臀比 (WHR) 和 BF% 的阻抗测量值，这些测量值是在注册时 (2006-2010，n = 473,026) 和随访时收集的（2012-2013，n = 19,518）。我们估计了空气污染与入组和随访时的 BMI、WHR 和 BF% 以及入组和随访时的肥胖、腹部肥胖和 BF% 肥胖的关联。我们使用线性和逻辑回归并控制噪声和其他协变量。我们还评估了空气污染与 BMI 多基因风险评分的相互作用。平均而言，入学的参与者年龄为 56 岁，54% 为女性，32% 完成了大学或更高学位。几乎所有参与者 (~95%) 都是白人。除 IDTR 之外的所有空气污染措施都与入学时至少一项持续的肥胖测量呈正相关。然而，NO2 与 BMI 呈负相关，但与入组时的 WHR 呈正相关，IDTR 也与 BMI 呈负相关。在随访中（控制入组肥胖），我们观察到 PM2.5-10 与 BMI、PM10 与 BF% 以及 TI 与 BF% 和 BMI 呈正相关。肥胖的二元衡量指标的关联相似，某些污染物略有不同。NOX、NO2、PM2.5 吸光度、PM2.5 和 PM10 与入组时的 BMI 之间的关联，但不是在随访时，在 BMI 多基因风险评分较高的个体中更强（交互作用 p <0.05）。在这个庞大的前瞻性队列中，