ABSTRACT The design of efficient Ru-based electrocatalysts with high intrinsic activities for acidic water oxidation is highly desirable and challenging for water splitting in proton exchange membrane electrolyzers. Here, for the first time, we engineer the charge density of Ru(IV) by creating tensile strains in the RuO2 shell of Ru@RuO2 core-shell nanoparticles, viz. Ru@RuO2-L. High-resolution spectroscopic characterizations confirm the presence of av. 6% tensile strain in Ru–O bonds, which results in an effective reduction of the Ru(IV) charge density. The resultant RuX+ (4

中文翻译：

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通过拉伸应变设计 Ru@RuO2 核壳电催化剂中的 Ru(IV) 电荷密度，以在酸性介质中有效析氧

摘要 设计具有高内在活性的酸性水氧化的高效 Ru 基电催化剂对于质子交换膜电解槽中的水分解是非常理想和具有挑战性的。在这里，我们第一次通过在 Ru@RuO2 核壳纳米粒子的 RuO2 壳中产生拉伸应变来设计 Ru(IV) 的电荷密度，即。Ru@RuO2-L。高分辨率光谱表征证实了 av 的存在。Ru-O 键中 6% 的拉伸应变，这导致 Ru(IV) 电荷密度的有效降低。所得的 RuX+ (4